Q1: Causes of atrial fibrillation A 58-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a-3-days history of difficulty breathing and unpleasant feeling of rapid and irregular heartbeats. Additional history taking reveals that she has a 7- week-history of unintentional weight loss‚ anxiety‚ and difficulty sleeping at night. She smokes 10 cigarettes per day for the past 15 years. Her blood pressure is 100/55 mmHg‚ temperature is 36.5 °C and her pulse is irregular at a rate of 140 to 150 beats
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The cardiac cycle involves a sequence of events affiliated with the flow of blood within the heart during a complete heartbeat‚ which include atrial systole and diastole followed by ventricular systole and diastole. Systole indicates contraction whereas diastole indicates relaxation. The first phase of the cardiac cycle is Atrial systole‚ or Atrial contraction in which contraction of the atria tops off the ventricles‚ filling them to
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Premature Atrial Contraction A premature atrial contraction (PAC) is a kind of irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). It happens when the heart beats too early and then pauses before beating again. PACs are also called skipped heartbeats because they may make you feel like your heart is stopping for a second. CAUSES Your heart has four chambers. Normally electrical signals spread across your heart and make all the chambers beat together. During a PAC‚ the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat too
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The Stamp of One Defect “To know a man well were to know himself” (5.2.139)‚ the definition of a foil in Hamlet’s own words. In literature foils can be used to contrast and highlight specific qualities of the protagonist or other main characters. Hamlet has many foils throughout the play‚ which help to aid in the understanding of Hamlet’s character and his motivations. However‚ three characters in particular‚ Laertes‚ Horatio and the First Player play key roles in how Hamlet ultimately takes his
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EDUCATION in its broadest‚ general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Education as a science cannot be separated from the educational traditions that existed before. Adults trained the young of their society in the knowledge and skills they would need to master and eventually pass on. In pre-literate societies this was achieved orally and through imitation and story-telling etc .Oral language developed into written
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Putting it All Together Upon review of this interesting case‚ I began to consider the role of the primary care provider. I was stimulated to understand the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF)‚ the standards of care for treatment of AF‚ and the role in primary care setting and the best practices for treatment. Prevalence and Screening In work by Raizada‚ Gonzalo‚ and Stanton (2015)‚ AF is the "most common arrhythmia" and the "lifetime risk over forty is one in four" (p. 209). This finding was
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Spina Bifida comes from the word for “split spine in Latin (Webster‚ 1997). It is a serious birth defect that occurs when the tissue surrounding the developing spinal cord of a fetus doesn ’t close properly. Its part of a group of birth defects called neural tube defects (Spinal Bifida Association of America‚ 2006). The neural tube is the embryonic structure that eventually develops into the baby ’s brain and spinal cord and the tissues that enclose them. In normal circumstances‚ the neural
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Defects Like most expectant parents‚ you probably alternate between fantasies about a healthy baby and worries that your baby will have a health problem. Or perhaps you’ve been told throughprenatal screening that your baby might be born with a birth defect. Many parents assume that all birth defects are severe or even fatal‚ but the fact is that many are treatable‚ often immediately after birth — and sometimes even before the baby is born. It’s especially important to know the risk factors
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Defects In Dyeing ‚ Printing And Finishing Methods of Printing Faculty incharge : Mr. V. Sivalingam Chairperson –fashion & textiles NIFT‚ BANGALORE Submitted By: RajshreeSoni B.F.TechV Roll No. 24 2008-12 Defects In Dyeing Common causes of dyeing defects • Materials not prepared properly • Poor machine conditions • Poor water quality • Short comings in dyeing solutions 1.Materials not prepared properly • • • • • • • • Material having dead fibres or other defective fibres Left over of Chemicals
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Congenital Heart Defects in Children Congenital heart defects in children are frightening conditions that are yet to be understood fully by cardiologists (Mayo Clinic). Ranging from a benign murmur to complete cardiac arrest‚ congenital heart defects are important disorders to be educated about (Fulton). Because of the potential severity of these illnesses‚ one should understand what is thought to cause this‚ forms of it‚ the risk involved‚ precautionary measures‚ and what the prognosis is. By
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