Chem 30A Ch.1-4: Condensed Chang’s Class Notes Chapter 1 Valence electrons octet rule exceptions P and S can have 10 or 12 valence e- B and Al (Group 3) can have 6 valence e- electronegativity- how much an atom wants e- < 0.5 = nonpolar‚ covalent (i.e. H2) 0.5 - 1.9 = polar covalent direction of polarity (using arrow and delta symbol) overall dipole > 1.9 = ionic formation of ions fish-hook arrow Lewis structure formal charge Functional Groups Molecular Shape VSEPR (Valence Shell
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Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Lecture Outline Overview: Carbon – The Backbone of Biological Molecules * Although cells are 70–95% water‚ the rest consists mostly of carbon-based compounds. * Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large‚ complex‚ and diverse molecules. * Carbon accounts for the diversity of biological molecules and has made possible the great diversity of living things. * Proteins‚ DNA‚ carbohydrates‚ and other molecules that
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the FTSS.4 Using tri-axial accelerometers may provide more information and a more accurate assessment of fall risk.15 A tri-axial accelerometer incorporates three accelerometer measurements into a single device for gathering information on three-dimensional movement.9 Doheny et al. analyzed community-dwelling older adults‚ performing four repetitions of the FTSS with a tri-axial accelerometer attached to the lateral thigh to record femoral acceleration.15 Another tri-axial accelerometer was attached
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Essential Question The essential question was “How do the skeletal and muscular systems work together to allow the body to move‚ like waving?” The human body is a very complex thing‚ and performing a simple task‚ such as waving to another person‚ involves a lot of work. The muscular system is very important in the aid of movement. It works alongside the skeletal system‚ which is equally as important. The skeletal system is significant to the life of an organism‚ as it performs many functions
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disk Infinite number of blades Infinite rotational velocity HAWT fluid dynamics Actuator disk – momentum theory Froude applied for the first time the actuator disk concept to a rotor in open flow. He applied it with the 1D momentum balance in axial direction Momentum equation T = ∆p ⋅ Am = ρVz ‚3 A3 (Vz ‚0 − Vz ‚3 ) Energy conservation Weul = ∆p Mass conservation Vz ‚m Am = Vz ‚3 A3 Vz ‚1 ≅ Vz ‚2
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mp EN1029 Laboratory: Compression Tests Objective To plot stress-strain relationships for steel and concrete when tested in compression. Equipment to be used Avery Testing Machine & Compression Press Experiment instructions You will be supplied with two “identical” steel cylinders (specimens A & B)‚ three “identical” concrete prisms and three “identical” concrete cubes. Measure the specimens and draw dimensioned sketches of the specimens. One of the steel specimens‚ A‚ will have electrical
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CHAPTER – 4 THREE PARAMETER FRACTURE CRITERION 4.1 MODIFIED TWO-PARAMETER FRACTURE CRITERION K max = K F �(1 − m) � The two – parameter fracture criterion as per Newman is‚ σf �� σu (4.1) Here KF and m are two fracture parameters evaluated from base line test data. σf is the failure stress normal to the direction of the crack in a body σu is the nominal stress required to produce a plastic hinge on the net section. The modified two-parameter fracture criterion is an empirical relation developed
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In 1991‚ scientists were granted permission to search for the missing bodies of the Romanov family‚ hoping to finally solve where their bodies mysteriously vanished to. Nine skeletons were found in a compiled burial site. Scientists identified age by looking at wisdom teeth and vertebrae‚ and gender by investigating pelvic bones. Once the bones were agreed to fit the Romanov family case‚ further DNA testing was conducted to determine the identities of who laid in this grave. By using mitochondrial
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Primates‚ like humans have hands‚ feet and a brain. There are certain characteristics that defines a primate. The first trait is color vision. Although humans are capable of distinguishing a spectrum of color‚ other primates fail to do so because they are colorblind. Specifically‚ they cannot see the color red. As time passed by‚ color vision has evolved for primates. Unlike before‚ they have the ability to pick out red and orange fruit to eat for themselves. Another trait is grasping hands. It helps
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Siphoneous Habit Coenocytic and lack septa. Septa formed during formation of reproductive organs. Ex. Vaucheria Pseudoparenchymatous and Parenchymatous Habit Pseudoparenchymatous thalli-derived from juxtaposition of branch system of single axial thread Parenchymatous habit-derived from filamentous one as a result of cell division taking place in more than one plane Phycology –study of algea Algae
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