new vice-consul for the Benin river section Captain Henry Gallwey visited Benin and signed a treaty which made Benin a British protectorate‚ but as far as the British were concerned the treaty proved disappointing and by 1896 many British traders and officials were calling for military intervention‚ although the foreign office seemed reluctant to do this. On January 2nd 1897 the acting consul-general of the protectorate James Phillips set off without permission for Benin accompanied by a large armed
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actions in Benin. The British culture‚ as raised in the text‚ was one of fairness and playing a straight bat. We see this in the text “…the white man landed with plenty of boys‚ but they had no guns or arms to fight with.” The interpretation being that the British had come in peace‚ without bearing arms. However another interpretation could be that even though they did not carry arms‚ they had come in great numbers as a show of force. The text also interprets the Benin natives as
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fine luxury items in bronze‚ ivory‚ gold and terracotta for both local use and trade. African society was based on a hierarchy. They had a wide variety of political arrangements including kingdoms‚ city-states and other organisations‚ each with their own languages and culture. Chief’s or King’s held the highest position in society they maintained peace and order‚ assigned jobs‚ collected tax and led wars to protect their tribes. The empire of Songhai and the kingdoms of Mali‚ Benin and Kongo were large
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The fall of the Songhay Empire starts chapter thirteen. The height of power was under Askiya Muhammad Ture‚ during the 16th century. Towards the late 16th century the royal power weakened‚ because of short reigns and dynastic disputes. This caused growth of rivals‚ which drew off trade from Songhay domination‚ gold from Akan forest to go to Europeans coast‚ and no external threat visible. The Moroccan invasion also contributed to the fall of Songhay. The Moroccan motive was to control and revive
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Africa Before European Arrival People of the early African kingdoms were able to create successful trade routes with Europe and Asia‚ become very wealthy from conquering and gaining land‚ and were able to have a strong central government. All of this was done before the Europeans had reached Africa. Trade flourished on the East African coast‚ especially when trading was established with India and Arabia. African kingdoms were prosperous‚ because of their success with not only trading but also
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|r| |Kainji Dam excavations revealed ironworking by the 2nd century BC. The transition from Neolithic times to the Iron |i| |Age apparently was achieved without intermediate bronze production. Others suggest the technology moved west from the|c| |Nile Valley‚ although the Iron Age in the Niger River valley and the forest region appears to predate the |k| |introduction of metallurgy in the upper savanna by more than
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Atlantic Ocean. He also promoted religious freedom. (Document 4) Hausa sculptures were thought of as wonderful because of all the different materials used to make them. A Hausa artisan used clay‚ wax‚ copper‚ zinc‚ and led to make a bronze sculpture. The bronzes of Benin were created using a lost-wax technique. In this technique an object was sculpted in wax‚ then covered in clay and baked. The wax was then filled with molten metal. Artists often portrayed warriors or
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Ife is a subcommunity of Yoruba community that is found in Nigeria and in the Republic of Benin. They are also found in other part around the world. It is rightly regarded as the corner stone of some of the greatest achievements in art and culture of Africa‚ combining both technical and strong aesthetic appeal to their art. Ife community was powerful and a wealthy city state in the early centuries in west Africa. It was a center of trade that was influential interms of trade. It connected extensively
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B In no more than 500 words‚ after reading the following text‚ how can it tell us about cross-cultural encounters? --- This piece of text can offer a great deal of information on cross-cultural encounters between the Western world and the Benin people. It is an entry in the Encyclopaedia Britannica from the entry on ’Negro’‚ published in 1910-1911. The author was T.A. Joyce‚ an Assistant in the Department of Ethnography at the British Museum‚ at the time of publication. It was written aimed
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the African way. We had the trans-Saharan trade between the various empires that dotted the areas known as West and North Africa. The Songhai (15th-16thcentury); Kanem-Bornu (9th-19thcentury); Mali (13th-14thcentury); Ghana (circa 700-1240) and the Benin empire (16th-18th century) – all traded with and amongst themselves‚ generating revenues/incomes and maintaining their dominions and spheres of influence. They all had their own entrepreneurial ideas and mind-set; were creative‚ had sources of capital
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