Petrology 2 Sedimentary Petrology Assigned to : • Amaro‚ Elfe C. • Balansag‚ Imee S. Research Paper Outline 1. Origin and Formation a. How did sediments and sedimentary rocks originate? b. What are the four (4) components or earth materials that make up or constitute sedimentary rocks? c. What are the major types of basins on which sediments accumulate and form sedimentary rocks? 2. Identification a. How do we describe sedimentary rock types?
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valleys which are separated by upright blocks of land called horsts. The fallen blocks of lowland are called grabens. Destructive Plate Margins * When an oceanic plate meets a continental plate‚ the collision is associated with the process of subduction. As the oceanic plate is denser than the lighter continental
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1. Summarize advances over time in determining the age of the Earth‚ including the importance of the discovery or radioactivity. Herodotus counted layers of earth near the Nile River in 450 B.C.E. The Bible was used in the Middle Ages to compute the age of the Earth. The 18th and 19th centuries brought a more scientific look into determining the age of the Earth by studying the salinities of the oceans‚ the rates of sedimentation‚ and models of cooling of different materials in order to calculate
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Essay Question 1: Compare and contrast the topographical features at divergent and convergent plate margins. Subject: Earth Environments 1: Geomorphology and Soils Course Code: GEOG 1231 Divergent and convergent plate margins are both studied in plate tectonics; which is the study of the plates that makeup the lithosphere‚ their movements and how these movements has influenced changes in the surface’s topography (Strahler‚ 2011‚ 389). The driving force that causes these plate movements is the
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-Continent-continent -Ocean continent Ocean Ocean Convergence -subduction causes a benioff zone -creates a deep broad trench -Accretionary Wedging: marine sediments are scraped off -Partial melting of the asthenosphere(due to flux melting) Magma forms an island arc Continent-Continent -Oceanic crust is first subducted until ocean closes -Neither plate wants to subduct(least buoyant does) -Forms Suture zone plate boundary(in middle) -Crust is greatly thickened‚ creates a large mountain
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An Introduction to Structural Geology Introduction Structural geology is the study of the features formed by geological processes. Features include faults‚ folds and dipping strata. Geologists can work out the order of events and see which events are related by taking fairly simple measurements and using simple methods. Measurements and Techniques The most obvious thing to do when trying to decipher the structural history of a formation is to describe it. One way of doing this is to measure the dip and strike
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but the relatively small amount of carbon in the biosphere allows life to exist‚ and carbon in the oceans and atmosphere control important greenhouse gases that affect climate on the planet. Thompson and Turk text‚ Fig. 21.9 Volcanism and subduction processes are both part of the Carbon Cycle that links the deep Earth (lithosphere and asthenosphere) to the atmosphere‚ hydrosphere and biosphere at timescales operating over millions of years. What happens to carbon found in the near-surface
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The Pangaea Theory The Pangea theory describes that all continents were joined together in one enormous land mass millions of years ago. Later on the continents broke apart and start drifting in opposite directions and still continued to make another arrangement. In 1912‚ Alfred Wegner‚ a German meteorologist and geologist gave the hypothesis the all the continents were joined together in a single continental land mass surrounded by a single ocean (Panthalassa) Late Paleozoic times. The Wegner
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Montserrat is in a group of islands called the Leeward Islands‚ in the chain of the Lesser Antilles. An "exclusion zone" extending from the south coast of the island north to parts of the Belham Valley has been put in place because of the size of the existing volcanic dome and the potential pyroclastic activity. Visitors are generally not allowed into the exclusion zone‚ but an impressive view of the destruction of Plymouth can be seen from the top of Garibaldi Hill in Isles Bay. The island
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INTRODUCTION Plate tectonics The large scale motions of the earth’s lithosphere are describe by a scientific theory called plate tectonics which explains that Earth’s outer layer is made up of plates‚ which have moved throughout Earth’s history. The theory was developed during first decade of 20th century (by a famous advocate Alfred Wegener) on the older concept of continental drift and was accepted by many geoscientific communities. There are currently seven major and many minor plates are
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