http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12161.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. Origin and Evolution of Earth: Research Questions for a Changing Planet Committee on Grand Research Questions in the Solid-Earth Sciences‚ National Research Council ISBN: 0-309-11718-6‚ 200 pages‚ 8 1/2 x 11‚ (2008) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12161.html Visit the National Academies Press online‚ the authoritative
Free Solar System Planet Earth
The December 2004 Earthquake in Northern Sumatra‚ Indonesia Sarah Loiacano November 16‚ 2010 Geology Section H004 On December 26‚ 2004‚ mass destruction and devastation was the result of a large earthquake off of the West Coast of Northern Sumatra‚ Indonesia. The earthquake began in the early morning on Sunday at 7:58:53 AM‚ and wreaked havoc on thousands in the affected areas. BBC News reported on the earthquake‚ stating that “Sunday’s tremor – the fourth largest since 1990 – had a particularly
Premium 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake Sumatra Plate tectonics
located on a destructive plate boundary | | |N. American Plate (continental crust) and Juan de Fuca plate (Pacific plate(oceanic crust) collided – a subduction zone | | |Pacific plate is sub ducted and pressure/heat causes rock to "melt" into magma | | |increased pressure caused Mt St Helens to erupt above
Premium Volcano Plate tectonics
------------------------------------------------- Erupted material Pāhoehoe lava flow on Hawaii. The picture shows overflows of a main lava channel. The Stromboli stratovolcano off the coast of Sicily has erupted continuously for thousands of years‚ giving rise to the termstrombolian eruption. Lava composition Another way of classifying volcanoes is by the composition of material erupted (lava)‚ since this affects the shape of the volcano. Lava can be broadly classified into 4 different
Premium Volcano Lava
surface of the ocean and by that process create new oceanic crust. The almost constant eruption of basalt causes each side of the ridge to cool‚ crystallize‚ and move away from the ridge. Each pulse of basalt eruption causes the two sides of the rift zone to move a little farther apart. The rate of plate creation at divergent boundaries varies between about 2 and 6 centimeters per year. The creation of oceanic crust and movement away from the midocean ridges is called seafloor spreading. The most common
Premium Plate tectonics
Mount Saint Helen’s Volcano‚ part of the cascade mount range‚ is associated with the subduction zone of the Juan du Fuca plate into the North American plate‚ as is most of the volcanism in this mount range (USGS Geology & History). The eruption intensity is normally quite explosive but Mt. Saint Hellen’s has experienced the peaceful one on occasion (USGS Geology & History). With frequent eruption every couple hundred years (rough estimate at best)‚ Mt. Saint Helen’s is the most active volcano of
Premium Volcano Lava Volcanology
Archeozoic Era The Archeozoic Era stretches from about 3.8 billion to 2.5 billion years ago. Traditionally‚ the beginning of the Archean is defined to coincide with the oldest rocks discovered. As recent discoveries have pushed back the earliest dated rocks to about 4.0 billion years old‚ the beginning of the Archean has also been pushed back correspondingly. However‚ most texts still continue to date the beginning to 3.8 billion years ago. As the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) ended with the Hadean
Premium Plate tectonics Earth
the Upper Geyser Basin which alone contains nearly 180 geysers. The Taupo Volcanic Zone is located on New Zealand’s North Island. It is 350 kilometres (217 mi) long by 50 km wide (31 mi) and lies over a subduction zone in the Earth’s crust. Mount Ruapehu marks its southwestern end‚ while the submarine Whakatane volcano (85 km or 53 mi beyond White Island) is considered its northeastern limit.[20] Many geysers in this zone were destroyed due to geothermal developments and a hydroelectric reservoir‚ but
Premium Volcano Water
in a northwest direction‚ and as it moves toward the “hot spot”‚ new volcanoes will form‚ which makes Loihi the “new” volcano. 18. In Hawaiian‚ Loihi means long‚ which also describes the shape of this new island being long. It has two curving rift zones in both the north and the south summit‚ and has a caldera that is about 3.7 kilometers long. We know what the new island looks like because there are scientific equipment that scientists used to map out what Loihi look
Premium Lava Hawaii Volcano
submarine‚ forming new seafloor. Black smokers or deep sea vents are an example of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level‚ volcanic islands are formed‚ for example‚ Iceland. Convergent plate boundaries: Subduction zones are places where two plates‚ usually an oceanic plate and a continental plate‚ collide. In this case‚ the oceanic plate subducts‚ or submerges under the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. In a process called flux melting
Free Plate tectonics Volcano