Introduction Man has propagated plant material almost as long as he has cultivated the land to produce food. For a long time‚ plant material was propagated mainly by using the seeds of existing plants. Better methods were discovered over time‚ methods that allowed the farmer to retain the desirable qualities of the plant material‚ while eliminating some of the less desirable qualities. Through these methods‚ the farmer was also able to eliminate the variations between plants of the same cultivar and produce
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UNIT 02: PLANT LAYOUT Definition Plant Layout involves the allocation of space and the arrangement of equipment in such a manner that overall operating costs are minimized. It includes the arrangement and location of work centres and various service centres like inspection‚ storage and shipping within the factory building. Characteristics of an Efficient Layout 1. Smooth flow of production – Raw materials and workers have access to each machine without any difficulty and delay. 2. Maximum utilization
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Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions Introduction In this paper you learn about the reactions that occur between backing soda and lemon juice. We will also describe what is occurring with the molecules on a molecular level. Lastly we will explain what chemical bonds are formed and or broken when lemon juice and backing soda. Observations of the Reactants When most people hear baking soda they think of the bright orange box sitting in their pantry or refrigerator soaking up the foul odors
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Chemical Warfare Diyora Shukurova Period 1 06-05-2014 Chemical warfare is known as the “use of toxic chemicals in battle.” Chemicals have been used for battle throughout centuries. But also known as any toxic chemical which is deadly or can cause injuries. For example‚ poisoned arrows‚ boiling tar‚ arsenic smoke and noxious fumes‚ and there are many more. Chemical weapons were first used in 1915. The germen military was the first to release 168 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres and Belgium which caused
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he terms “chemical accident” or “chemical incident” refer to an event resulting in the release of a substance or substances hazardous to human health and/or the environment in the short or long term. Such events include fires‚ explosions‚ leakages or releases of toxic or hazardous materials that can cause people illness‚ injury‚ disability or death. While chemical accidents may occur whenever toxic materials are stored‚ transported or used‚ the most severe accidents are industrial accidents‚ involving
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Chemical Reactions Chemical Change • reorganization • original substances form new substances with different formulas • may or may not involve a change of state • symbols used to describe chemical reaction are known as a chemical equation • Chemical equations do not have equal signs (=) they have an arrow Chemical Equations • Must follow the Law of Conservation of Matter • atoms can neither be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction • What
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Theme : Electrical Sector and Chemical Engineer a) “The Chemical Engineer – His Role in Electrical Manufacturing” by N.R. Maleady The article is about the role of chemical engineer in manufacturing transformers in the electrical manufacturing sector. The important components of the transformer are copper wire‚ cellulosic insulation‚ insulating varnish and dielectric liquid. Wire enamel or resin is the insulting structure for copper wire. The resin can either applied as a solution or in solventless
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I am going to talk about how gold is made. I also noticed some physical and chemical changes happening in the video. My first Physical change I saw was when they drill in a certain spot‚ on the rock then they can put the pieces back together and pretend it did not happen because the molecules have not changed in the object‚ you are just breaking them into smaller pieces. So that is why it is a physical change. A chemical change I saw is when there is gold mixed with other materials like silver and
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A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electromagnetic force attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole-dipole interactions‚ the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding
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LEAVES BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS? A. ELIZABETH ARNOLD1 AND F. LUTZONI Department of Biology‚ Duke University‚ Durham‚ North Carolina 27708 USA Abstract. Fungal endophytes are found in asymptomatic photosynthetic tissues of all major lineages of land plants. The ubiquity of these cryptic symbionts is clear‚ but the scale of their diversity‚ host range‚ and geographic distributions are unknown. To explore the putative hyperdiversity of tropical leaf endophytes‚ we compared endophyte communities along
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