Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities Efficiency Ratios Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales Revenue/ (Fixed Assets + Current Assets) Profitability Ratios Net Profit Margin = (Net Profit x 100) /Sales Revenue Return on Capital Employed = Net Profit (Operating Profit) x 100 (ROCE) Capital Employed Solvency Ratios Gearing Ratio = Total Liabilities/Shareholders Equity Investment Ratios Earnings per Share
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Ratio decidendi and obiter dicta Learning objectives At the end of this module‚ you will be able to: * distinguish between ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. * apply well-established rules to identify the ratio decidendi in a decision. This module is intended as a useful exercise in revision. If you are certain that you understand how to discover the ratio in an opinion‚ you should skim lightly over this material. What is the ratio decidendi? As you probably recall from your studies
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Ratio analysis Debt ratio Debt ratio (2006-2007) = Total liabilities / Total assets = 10‚170/12‚064 = 0.84 Debt ratio (2007-2008) = 9‚210/11‚769 = Debt ratio (2008-2009) = 10‚003/11‚229 = Debt ratio (2009-2010) = 11‚043/12‚537 = Current ratio Current ratio (2006-2007) = Current assets / Current liabilities = 3‚424/4‚790 = 0.71 Current ratio (2007-2008) = 2‚164/4‚498 = Current ratio (2008-2009) = 1‚326/5‚389 = Current ratio (2009-2010) = 2‚697/6‚085 = Return on sales (ROS) Return on Sales
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Harvard Business School 9-387-108 Rev. June 21‚ 1989 Coca-Cola Versus Pepsi-Cola (A) Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola had been competing for 93 years in 1982‚ and the rivalry had intensified since the early 1950s. By the mid-1970s‚ business journalists had labeled this competition "The Cola Wars." The launching of the Pepsi Challenge in 1977 propelled the wars into the 1980s‚ considerably altering the landscape of the soft-drink industry. History of Soft-Drink Concentrate Producers Soft drinks had existed
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A Short History of For 125 years‚ we have been refreshing the world. Did you know? Did you know? If all the Coca‑Cola ever produced were to cascade down Niagara Falls at its normal rate of 1.6 million gallons per second‚ it would flow for nearly 83 hours. Studies have shown that Coca‑Cola is among the most‑admired and best‑known trademarks in the world. In fact‚ it is documented that “Coca‑Cola” is the second‑most widely understood term in the world‚ after “okay.” Did you know
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Coke market analysis Name Institution Coke Market Analysis Coke is a carbonated soft drink beverage produced by the Coca-Cola Company. The Coca- Cola Company is based in Atlanta and owns the trademark coke. Coke is produced in several product lines’ which include caffeine free cola‚ diet coke‚ coke zero and coca-cola vanilla. Coke as a product is available and also targets all the 200 countries in the world thus it is not restricted to any given region. It is also the main dominant product
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famous that almost everyone knows about it. It develops so strong image that also has a great effect on the corporate image as well. It is rated as the world’s number one cold drink and is famed for its internationally well-known brand name “Coca-Cola”. Coke is well supported by Coca-Cola Ltd. in the local market and enjoys distinct position. Brand Positioning The brand positioning of the Coca Cola is very strong. Company focuses on the TOM. This top of the mind strategy leads the consumers to remember
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in Purchase‚ Harrison‚ New York‚ withinterests in the manufacturing‚ marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods‚ beverages‚ and other products. PepsiCo was formedin 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay‚ Inc.PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to abroader range of food and beverage brands‚ the largest of which includean acquisition of Tropicana in 1998 and a merger with Quaker Oats in2001 - which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio as well
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11 CASE STUDY PEPSI GROUPE ASSINGMENT INTRODUCTION Pepsico‚ inc.is one of the most successful consumer products companies in the world. Its operates from Australia. Pepsi-cola company‚ the second largest soft drink business and Tropicana products. The main products of the company comprises of different soft drinks brand includes pepsi‚pepsi light ‚pepsi max‚7up‚mountain dew‚etc..The company consists of: Frito-Lay Company‚ the largest
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The story of PEPSI In 1899‚ pharmacist Celeb Bradham started the company known as „Brad’s drink” in New Jersey. He discovered new drink in his pharmacy and decides to launch it in the market. At this time‚ he had no registered brand name‚ which turned out to be positive‚ as he soon realized that his company needs another name In 1902 the brand name was registered‚ one year after incorporating „Pepsi Cola Company”. In 1905 Pepsi had first logo change. Than it has been changing several times
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