Ally Rosencrans Mr. Anderson AP Euro 20 November 2014 Compare and contrast the methods of leadership of two pre 19th century European Monarchs European monarchy was in full force between 1400 and 1800‚ in a variety of nations and ways. Phillip II of Spain and Fredrick William the 1st of Prussia were monarchs with similar approaches in terms of absolutist reign accompanied by a strong military‚ yet they differed on foreign policy‚ economics‚ and religion. To begin‚ Phillip and Fredrick both felt
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factors‚ such as spread of Renaissance ideas‚ the spread of the printing press‚ and the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire‚ contributed to the creation of Protestantism. The Roman Catholic Church responded with a Counter-Reformation initiated by the Council of Trent and spearheaded by the new order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) specifically organised to counter the Protestant movement. In general‚ Northern Europe‚ with the exception of most of Ireland‚ turned Protestant. Southern Europe remained Roman
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Do something need reforming in the world today? Luther thought that the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century needed reforming. He nailed his ninety-five theses to the door of the church at Wittenberg‚ Germany on October 31‚ 1517 (Kirsch). In the beginning‚ Luther was only trying to reform the Church; but he kept traveling farther and farther away until he broke with the Church. This started Protestantism. Protestantism spread fast‚ and many lords and kings saw it as a means to weaken the Church
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opposition to Regent Margaret’s government. When Philip II instructed Margaret to enforce the decrees of the Council of Trent on the Netherlands‚ William of Orange’s younger brother‚ Louis of Nassau‚ led the opposition with the support of the Calvinist-minded lesser nobility and townspeople. The opposition drafted the Compromise in which they vowed to resist the decrees of the Council of Trent and the Inquisition. When Regent Margaret’s government called the protesters “beggars” in 1566‚ Calvinists
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protect Roman Catholic dogmatic teachings from the emerging Protestants. His distinction of our belief versus the Protestant faith is still quite important to what we learn about worship with the Bible‚ in sacraments‚ etc. As a result of the Council of Trent‚ Bellarmine confirmed the dogma that has settled into what we know as several answered questions in today’s Church. Still used in the modern era‚ St. Robert’s “Preface” proves that his work has stood the test of
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The Struggle for Reformation The fight for change can be a very short and easy or long and overwhelming task. Many people around the world fight everyday for change‚ whether it be because of racial discrimination‚ difference in political views‚ or just ignorance and bullheadedness‚ but all the fights have one thing in common‚ people banding together to fight for their beliefs. The Protestant Reformation was argumentatively the biggest of its time and possibly history. It was a small group of people
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the sole contributor to musical development. The music of the early church was monophonic‚ and had nonmetric melodies set in one of the church modes‚ or scales. The rise or development of polyphony came about during the Renaissance period; the Council of Trent wanted polyphonic church music to be created and Palestrina composed the Pope Marcellus Mass‚ a six part vocal polyphonic song. In the Baroque period religious war broke out between Protestants vs. Catholics; these wars effected music and led
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Interpretations of Van Eyck’s Arnolfini Wedding Portrait The “Arnolfini Wedding Portrait” by Jan Van Eyck is a painting believed to be a portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife in a room‚ presumably in their home in the Flemish city of Bruges. It is considered one of the most original and complex paintings in Western Art History. There has been much debate on this painting. Two scholars’ in particular have two very different interpretations of the “Arnolfini Wedding Portrait.” Erwin Panofsky
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Allow Yourself to Be Forgiven: Penance Today By Karl Rahner‚ S.J. In this booklet Karl Rahner writes about the mystery of guilt that human being cannot avoid once he or she committed sin against God. The acceptance of hopelessness of guilt and desire to transcend is the beginning of conversion. God gives to us a free gift of forgiveness which is the most incomprehensible miracle of the love of God. To understand better I will quote some important points of each chapter of this booklet.
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AP European History Study Guide Pre-Renaissance * Middle Ages: began around 500 AD and ended around 1450 AD * Early Middle Ages * Roman Empire fell‚ Europe is turbulent and dark * Europe is being created by Germanic‚ Roman‚ and Church * Church * power founded in papacy * was political as well as spiritual * bishop of Rome lead Church * began the Pope system * Pope>Archbishops>Bishops>Priests * to go to heaven‚ followers had to
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