Normal and abnormal changes within the GI system for the elderly (905) Mouth: gingival retraction‚ decreased taste buds‚ decreases sense of smell‚ decrease volume of saliva‚ atrophy of gingival tissue; loss of teeth‚ dentures‚ difficulty chewing‚ diminished sense of taste‚ dry oral mucosa‚ poor fitting dentures Esophagus: lower esophageal sphincter pressure decreases‚ motility decreases; epigastric distress‚ dysphagia‚ potential for hiatal hernia and aspiration ABD wall: thinner and less taut
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1/Nastic Movement: "Nastic movements are non-directional responses to stimuli (e.g. temperature‚ humidity‚ light irradiance). The movement can be due to changes in turgor or changes in growth. Nastic movements differ from tropic movements in that the direction of tropic responses depends on the direction of the stimulus‚ whereas the direction of nastic movements is independent of the stimulus. The rate or frequency of these responses increases as intensity of the stimulus increases. An example of
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“NURSING CARE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH ABDOMINAL OBSTRUCTION” CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION A) Background of the Study B) Rationale for choosing the case C) Significance of the study D) Scope and Limitation CHAPTER 2: HEALTH HISTORY A) Biographic Data B) Chief Complaint C) History of Present Illness D) Past Medical History E) Family History F) Physical Assessment CHAPTER 3: DISCUSSION OF DISEASE PROCESS A) Anaphysiology B) Pathophysiology C) Drug Study D) Diagnostic
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are also used to form enzymes and protein in the blood. After absorption most of the fatty acids and glycerol recombine to form fats which enter the lacteals of the lymphatic system. Eventually the fat enters the blood stream and is used for cell membrane
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the eye ventrally; more movable > Third Eyelid or nictitating membrane – thin‚ transparent‚ freely movable membrane w/c continuous w/ the inner fold of the lower eyelid. – homologous to the vestigial PLICA SEMILUNARIS – a fold like structure located near the median corner of the human eye. > Orbit or eye socket – socket where eyes retract > Cornea – exposed transparent part of the eye > Conjunctiva – thin transparent membrane w/c is continuous w/ the inner surface of the eyelids. > Conjunctiva
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|LIVER | Caudo ~ Cranial (CC) length = < 17 cm Right Lobe Caudo ~ Cranial (CC) length = < 16 cm Anterio ~ Posterior (A ~ P) length = < 16 cm Left Lobe Width = < 11 cm Anterio ~ Posterior (A ~ P) length = < 7 cm Caudate Lobe Caudo ~ Cranial (CC) length = < 8 cm (5 ~ 8 cm) Anterio ~ Posterior (A ~ P) length = < 2.5 cm (2.0 ~ 2.5 cm) Caudate
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A peptic ulcer is a mucosal contusion in the stomach or duodenum. Peptic Ulcer disease results from when the mucosal defenses get incapacitated and no longer shield the epithelium from the result of acid and pepsin. There are three types of ulcers that may occur gastric‚ duodenal‚ and stress ulcers. Most ulcers are caused by H.Pylori infection‚ which is carried through the fecal-oral route and thought to be received in childhood. It also can be received through contaminated endoscopic equipment.
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are different types of ileostomy for example an end ileostomy also known as ‘Brooke’ ileostomy is a permanent ileostomy in which the end of the ileum is made onto a stoma. The one that was performed on this patient was a loop ileostomy. A loop ileostomy is performed when a loop of the ileum is pulled through the incision. A small incision is made on the ileum and it’s made into a stoma by stitching it to your skin. The stoma will have two openings‚ one is for excretion of upper gastrointestinal material
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KIN 2500 -- MUSCLES O: origin I: insertion A: action N: Lever: rigid structure that moves around a fixed point fulcrum * Effort: causes the movement; force that is due to the muscular contraction; you only get motion when the effort that is applied at the insertion point exceeds the load * Load/Resistance: opposes that movement * 1st class levers: not very common; fulcrum is fixed between effort and load * 2nd class levers: standing on tip toes; fairly uncommon; the load is
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sphincter muscle that helps move food into and through the tract. The small intestine is made up of three segments 1-Duodenum 2-Jejunum 3-Ileu. t’d: Jejunum & Ileum… VILLI •Small fingerlike projections •Increase surface area for absorption •Absorb nutrients through membranes known as semi permeable membranes. •These membranes allow particles to pass through in a process. DUODENUM -First segment -Use secretions from the pancreas and intestinal wall to break down protein‚ starch‚ and
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