Tick (v) if it is a true statement. Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Cell Organisation 1. The cell is the basic unit of life for all organisms. 2. All cells have the same shape and size. 3. All cells have a plasma membrane‚ nucleus and cytoplasm. 4. Protoplasm consists of a plasma membrane and nucleus. 5. The nucleus consists of chromosomes and a nucleolus. 6. Organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell include the nucleus‚ vacuole‚ endoplasmic reticulum‚ mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.
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Meningitis is a disease that affects the protective membrane which covers the brain and spinal cord known as meninges. Meningitis is originated from the Greek word membrane inflammation. There are three major types of inflammation‚ which may have been caused infection by bacteria‚ viruses‚ and fungi‚ however‚ there are some can be a result of certain medication‚ physical trauma or disorders. Over the 300 deaths every year‚ in the United States alone is the consequence of this very critical infection
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diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution – down the water potential gradient) Note: diffusion and osmosis are both passive‚ i.e. energy from ATP is not used. A partially permeable membrane is a barrier that permits the passage of some substances but not others; it allows the passage of the solvent molecules but not some of the larger solute molecules. Cell membranes are described as selectively permeable because not
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markings appear on the trunk or back areas. Melanoma is usually a cancer of the skin but not always so (Melanoma Research Foundation). There are 3 categories of melanoma. Cutaneous melanoma which consists of the skin‚ mucosal melanoma‚ which occurs to the mucosal membranes of the body‚ and ocular melanoma. 4. What therapy is best for Eric? Depending on the stage of the diagnosis‚ treatment of the screen detected melanoma includes re-excision or wide excision once diagnosed by biopsy. There
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25 The Urinary System: Urinary System Organs * Kidneys are major excretory organs * Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine * Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder * Urethra transports urine out of the body Kidney Functions * Removal of toxins‚ metabolic wastes‚ and excess ions from the blood * Regulation of blood volume‚ chemical composition‚ and pH Kidney Functions * Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting * Endocrine functions * Renin: regulation
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85% to 90% of patients have Type III antibodies. Type III antibodies recognize the alpha and beta subunits of the gastric proton pump which is found on parietal cells.1 It is also thought that an auto reactive CD4+ T-cell response causes gastric mucosal injury and this results in the formation of autoantibodies which makes the injury worse. Anemia develops when intrinsic factor falls below the threshold level and vitamin B12 stores are depleted. This theory is backed up by experiments in animal
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Effector functions of antibodies Antibodies also known as immunoglobulins are secreted by plasma cells and B lymphocytes from the bone marrow and the lymphoid organs. The effector functions of antibodies are determined by the constant regions of the heavy chain. There are five different isotypes known in mammals to perform different roles and to direct a specific immune response for the antigen encountered. The binding of antigens to the variable regions will trigger the effector functions. Antibodies
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swollen distal end of the motor neuron axon). When the action potential reaches the axon terminal the action potential causes the voltage- gated calcium ion channels to open allowing calcium to flow in from extracellular fluid. The presence of calcium in the axon terminal causes synaptic vesicles (synaptic vesicles- small membranous sacs that contain the neurotransmitter acetylcholine also known as ACH) to fuse with the axon terminals axonal membrane. Once fused with the axonal membrane the synaptic
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Study guide‚ block exam 5‚ boil 118‚ Fall 2012‚ Dr. Benjamin Smarr. * Hunger * Neural regulation of * These include hormones and nutrients from the periphery that convey information about energy availability to the brain‚ and to the hypothalamus in particular. Neurons in distinct hypothalamic nuclei that are targeted by these molecules project to other hypothalamic nuclei as well as to extrahypothalamic sites. The complex process of regulating food intake is now known to involve
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survive. When you eat a balanced diet‚ your body obtains the fuel and nutrients it needs to accomplish various tasks. For example‚ carbohydrates provide a lot of energy‚ protein are for growth and repair‚ fats produce a lot of energy to make cell membranes‚ vitamins in small amount for cells to work properly‚ minerals in small amount to make body chemicals and fibre to keep bowels working properly. Water is another essential component of your diet. Without it‚ your body can’t flush out toxins‚ transport
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