interstitium‚ and microvascular endothelium)‚ which occurs in three phases; acute or exudative phase‚ resolution phase and fibrotic phase [8‚9]. 1. Acute or exudative phase (<72h)‚ which characterized by a disruption of the alveolar capillary membrane leading to leakage of protein rich fluid into the interstitium and alveolar space‚ and extended release of cytokines and neutrophil infiltration of the alveolar space (Figure 1) [8‚18]. Pathogenesis of acute phase associates with a variety of cellular
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GI and Diabetes Exam Study Guide Tube Feeding – (enteral nutrition) refers to the administration of a nutritional balanced liquefied food or formula through a tube inserted into the stomach‚ duodenum‚ jejunum. It is used to provide nutrients via the GI tract either alone or as a supplement to oral or parenteral nutrition. - Nasogastric (NG) Tube – is most commonly used for short-term feeding problems. Other means of feeding are; esophagostomy‚ gastrostomy or jejunostomy. Transpyloric tube placement
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the dendritic zone‚ the axon and the cell body. The dendritic zone is the most distal segment of the sensory neuron and is composed of an arborization of free nerve endings. These free nerve endings respond to stimulation produced in the tissues in which they lie‚ provoking an impulse that is transmitted centrally along the axon. The axon is a long cylinder of neural cytoplasm encased in a thin sheath‚ the nerve membrane. At its central end‚ there is an arborization similiar to that seen in the dendritic
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immune system. The innate immune system provides a defense that is active immediately upon infection and is the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously. It may include barriers that protect your body such as skin and mucous membranes‚ phagocytic cells such as neutrophils‚ macrophages‚ dendritic cells‚ and eosinophils‚ and other cells such as natural killer cells. Innate immunity may include functions such as: recruiting immune cells to the site of infection‚ identifying bacteria
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up to increase surface area for absorption of light o Only present in plant cells • Cell membrane (plasma membrane) o Lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell‚ interspersed with protein molecule o Presence of temporary pores o Selectively permeable Controls movement of substances o Diffusion‚ osmosis and active transport can therefore take place o Prevent outflowing of cytoplasm o Tonoplast Plasma membrane surrounding the vacuole • Cell wall o Made of cellulose (a polysaccharide)‚ and may be deposited
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TOPIC 6‚ 11‚ & OPTION H: HUMAN HEALTH AND PHYSIOLOGY Digestive System Includes all the structures that are concerned with bringing food into the body to provide for the needs of the body’s cells. Each cell in an organism relies on a continuous expenditure of energy. Fats‚ carbs‚ and proteins are broken down during cellular metabolism and the energy derived from them is used to make ATP. The digestive system deals with: Ingestion‚ which is the bringing of nutrients into the body. Mechanical
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naturally occurring in the body in minuscule amounts‚ mainly by many oxygen species effects‚ such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide. These species readily assault the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane‚ which induces a self-propagating chain reaction. The destruction of the membrane lipids are hazardous for the sustainability of cells (Mylonas‚ 1999). This was seen in the gallbladders in broiler chickens when their food was laced with either 400 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg when compared to the
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SKELETAL SYSTEM: BONES AND JOINTS Functions of the Skeletal System ♦Skeletal System Without it‚ there would be no rigid framework to support the soft tissues of the body and no system of joints and levers to allow the body to move Consists of bones‚ connective tissues that includes cartilage‚ tendons and ligaments Term skeleton is derived from a Greek word meaning dried Consists of dynamic‚ living tissues that are able to grow‚ detect pain stimuli‚ adapt to stress‚ and undergo repair after
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Dogs & carnivorous animals Human & rodents Adult worm is found attached to wall of ileal portion of small intestine pig ‚ occasionally human fish (salmon) Definitive Human host also dogs ‚ cats Habitat small intestine of man‚ Human mainly ileum or small intestine (upper jejunum) of jejunum man intestinal mucosa of dogs & wild canines‚ but not in human. Only larval stage of man & rodents (hydatid stage) is found in human & herbivorous animals Infective 3rd stage larva T. saginata
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mand stability in MI (max intercuspation) some rules: (remember we’re speaking about the functional cusps only!) mand mesial cusp occludes w/: max marg ridge mand distal cusp occludes w/: max fossa max mesial cusp occludes w/: mand central fossa max distal cusp occludes w/: mand distal marg ridge mand tooth# + max tooth # = 33 (to deduce which teeth are in occlusion) mandibular movement pattern determined by: Anterior guidance & TMJ guidance Groove rules:
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