Dulling the Cutting-Edge: How PatentRelated Policies and Practices Hamper Innovation in China August 2012 Dan Prud’homme∗ Business Manger of the IPR Working Group and R&D Forum at the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China (European Chamber)‚ based in the Shanghai Office. Contact information: dprudhomme@europeanchamber.com.cn Acknowledgements: The author would especially like to thank the following members of the European Chamber’s IPR Working Group (WG) for their comments on this study:
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(Online) Vol.4‚ No.1‚ 2013 www.iiste.org A New Area and Power Efficient Single Edge Triggered Flip-Flop Structure for Low Data Activity and High Frequency Applications Imran Ahmed Khan*‚ Mirza Tariq Beg Department of Electronics and Communication‚ Jamia Millia Islamia‚ New Delhi‚ India *Email address of Corresponding author: imran.vlsi@gmail.com Abstract In this work‚ a new area and power efficient single edge triggered flip-flop has been proposed. The proposed design is compared with six existing
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Can information systems provide businesses with a competitive edge? Are such IT related competitive advantages sustainable in the long run? Why or why not? In recent years‚ many businesses have faced an increasingly uncertain future. As a result‚ there is an "economic imperative" to gain advantage over their competitors (Bakos & Treacy‚ 1986). A competitive advantage is attained when "a firm reaches its comparative efficiency or bargaining power (Bakos and Treacy‚ 1986). There has been a need for
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ALVIN TOFFLER Alvin Toffler literally invented the role of the futurist with the publication of his seminal work‚ Future Shock‚ creating an all new discipline around the study of change and its impact on business and culture. Throughout his long career‚ Alvin Toffler has remained one of the world’s most prescient‚ insightful and influential voices in business and intellectual life. He has continued to produce creative ideas that define how we think about our world. Time magazine wrote that he has
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Quality basic education is a fundamental human right that promotes the all-round development of an individual. In the Philippines‚ primary education consisting of six levels‚ is compulsory and is supplemented by the local governments. Nonetheless‚ some independent schools are now implementing an additional level to provide equity and quality for all children as they begin more formalized instruction. These trends in our education only bring confusion to the people and indicate lack of uniformity
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3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS: ? 3. What is Global Edge Length? RESULTS:
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Structures Reading: 12.1-12.2 COSC 2011‚ Summer 2004 Definition • A graph is a pair (V‚ E)‚ where – V is a set of nodes‚ called vertices – E is a collection of pairs of vertices‚ called edges • Both are objects (i.e. store data) G E B F A Vertex city computer web page airport C D COSC 2011‚ Summer 2004 H Edge road cable hyperlink flight Example Applications • • • • • Electronic circuits – Printed circuit board – Integrated circuit Transportation networks – Highway network – Flight network
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Minimum Spanning Tree MST. Given connected graph G with positive edge weights‚ find a min weight set of edges that connects all of the vertices. Minimum Spanning Tree 24 4 23 6 9 18 • • • • • • • 5 introduction Weighted graph API cycles and cuts Kruskal’s algorithm Prim’s algorithm advanced algorithms clustering 11 16 8 10 14 7 21 G References: Algorithms in Java (Part 5)‚ Chapter 20 Intro to Algs and Data Structures‚ Section 5.4
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graph is a set of dots and dot-connecting lines. The dots are called vertices and the lines are called edges. Formally‚ a (finite) graph G consists of A finite set V whose elements are called the vertices of G; A finite set E whose elements are called the edges of G; A function that assigns to each edge e ∈ E an unordered pair of vertices called the endpoints of e. This function is called the edge-endpoint function. Note that these graphs are not related to graphs of functions. Graphs can be used as
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The relationship should be written first and the objects should be separated by commas. 5 CSED Computational Intelligence February 26‚ 2013 PROLOG :: COMPONENTS :: FACTS example_01 : Directed Graph edge (a‚ b). edge (a‚ e). edge (b‚ d). edge (b‚ c). edge (c‚ a). edge (e‚ b). 6 CSED Computational Intelligence February 26‚ 2013 PROLOG :: COMPONENTS :: RULES Rule is a general way to say when a predicate is true. With rules we can state that a predicate is true‚
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