Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 5210 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)*#(1) 5220 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)*#(2) 5220 A. Introduction Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is defined as the amount of a specified oxidant that reacts with the sample under controlled conditions. The quantity of oxidant consumed is expressed in terms of its oxygen equivalence. Because of its unique chemical properties‚ the dichromate ion (Cr2O72–) is the specified oxidant in Methods
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RESULT Microbial community analysis Table 1 illustrates the phylogenetic affiliation and the similarity of the bands marked in Fig. 4a which shows the bacterial DGGE fingerprint obtained when ferrous sulfate was used as the energy source (batch-1). Initial sludge had 18 dominant bands out of which 7 bands were not detected on the 2nd day (Fig. 4a) due to changes in the physical condition of the sludge such as aeration and the pH decrease. Dynamics in the microbial community profiling was studied
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The effect of different temperature on the cell respiration. Introduction： Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP‚and then release waste products. The process of cell respiration can take place in the presence or absence of oxygen. In either case‚the first stage of cell respiration is glycolysis.The effect of temperature on cell respiration mainly depends on the effect of temperature on of enzyme activity.Generally speaking in a certain
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University of Pune Department of Management Sciences (PUMBA) MBA ++ (Part 1) 2009 - 2011 Division A- (G 7) Presented by: 9133- Priyanka Menon 9137- Tavleen Nagpal 9147- Sudhanshu Santosh
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probably the most biomes that are influenced by the climate. Four principal factors that affect Tundra climate are the solar radiation‚ the temperature‚ and precipitation as well as air pressure. Solar radiation is very weak in Arctic or Antarctic tundra which is why polar tundra are often covered in the snow compared to other tundra around the world. However‚ in summer‚ there is more solar radiation which gets the temperature to rise. Alpine tundra zone gets more solar radiation than polar tundra zone
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Effec | Effect of caffeine on plant growth | Description This science fair project was performed to find out the effect on plant growth of adding caffeine to the soil. The experiment was done by using mung bean plants and watering them daily with water‚ water mixed with caffeine and with a coffee mixture. Hypothesis The mung beans watered using the coffee mixture will grow the fastest. Overview Caffeine and plant growth The effect of adding caffeine to the soil and its effect on plant
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Title of investigation: The effect of solute concentration on osmosis in potatoes. Research question: What is the solute concentration of a potato? Hypothesis: Osmosis is the movement of water across the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The osmosis continues until the solute concentrations are equal in both areas. In this experiment‚ we put pieces of potatoes into test tubes with sugar solutions of different concentrations and leave them there over night
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abiotic factors: An organism?s environment includes nonliving‚ or abiotic‚ features‚ such as temperature‚ sunlight‚ precipitation‚ rocks‚ ponds‚ and so forth. abrasion: particles moved by water‚ ice‚ and air can be effective in wearing away rock. active transport: the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient (from low to high concentration). Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) O ------ Al ----- O ------- Al --------- O Alleles: A version of a gene. Alternating current (AC). is electric
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by the concentration of starch‚ or whether the results I got were due to the amounts of solution used. This would make both my results and conclusion invalid and unreliable. I also made sure that the temperature of the water bath was at the correct temperature and I kept on checking the temperature of both my amylase‚ and starch using a thermometer. I made sure both solutions were at the same temperature at all times throughout my experiments‚ so that temperature would not have an effect on my results
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The Effects of Antibiotics on Bacterial Growth Biology II 1996 Bacteria are the most common and ancient microorganisms on earth. Most bacteria are microscopic‚ measuring 1 micron in length. However‚ colonies of bacteria grown in a laboratory petri dish can be seen with the unaided eye. There are many divisions and classifications of bacteria that assist in identifying them. The first two types of bacteria are archaebacteria and eubacteria. Both groups have common ancestors dating to more
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