Ethanol‚ a Fuel? Ethanol fuel is a type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages that is often made from common agricultural products. It is either mass-produced by fermentation of sugars or from cellulose. Wheat or corn kernels are ground in a hammer-mill to expose the starch‚ the ground grain is then mixed with water‚ heated briefly and enzymes are added to convert the starch to sugar using a chemical reaction called hydrolysis. Yeast is added to ferment the sugars to ethanol and finally the
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structure of the plasma membrane and explain the process of active and passive transport through the membrane. The plasma membrane is made up of proteins that form pores and channels‚ carbohydrate molecules that are used for cell recognition and cholesterol to provide membrane stability. Phospholipid molecules are the most abundant component found in the plasma membrane. Phospholipids molecules are composed of a phosphate head and a lipid tail; the structure of a cell membrane is a double layer
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three times as much carbohydrate for fuel ethanol production (Comis‚ 2008). Ethanol production from fresh cassava roots using a low-temperature process was evaluated on a pilot-plant scale. The application of low-temperature cooking to cassava starch followed by a dual enzyme action resulted in an ethanol yield comparable to that of a traditional high-temperature cooking process. Pressurized distillation gave a satisfactory recovery efficiency of ethanol but was slightly lower than that obtained
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MICROBIOLOGY COURSEWORK The effect of antibiotic concentration on bacterial growth Introduction Null Hypothesis- Increasing the antibiotic concentration has no effect on bacterial growth. Experimental Hypothesis- Increasing the antibiotic concentration decreases bacterial growth. Scientific Theory Bacteria are prokaryotes and can be identified by their shape. Spherical bacteria are called cocci‚ rod shaped bacteria are called bacilli‚ spiral shaped bacteria are called spirilla and
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Aim How temperature affects membranes: investigating the effect temperature has on Beta vulgaris membranes when submerged in a range of different temperatures for one minute. Background Information A cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer formed by phospholipids that have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. The phospholipids arrange themselves in order that the heads are exposed to water and the tails are not thus forming the bilayer. When the temperature increases molecules
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Chou‚ P. (2007). The effects of background music on the reading performance of taiwanese esl students. New York: Self Published. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=zVz_Lv9OnN0C&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=effects of background music on concentration&source=bl&ots=xRZ4pvia4r&sig=lzJhKQmZfw7WXV-WD1hyJhT9I4A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=I3otUeKHBo_o8gSBooHYAw&ved=0CH8Q6AEwCQ * Hallman‚ Price‚ Katsarou‚ S. J. G. (2002‚ November 2).The effects of background music on
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There are many ways in which substances can move across the cell membrane and in which then helps in the function of the body (cells‚ tissues and organs) overall. There are 3 processes that a substance can move across the membrane‚ theses are diffusion (simple and facilitated)‚ osmosis and active transport. Both diffusion and osmosis are passive processes‚ which mean they do not need energy to occur‚ whereas active transport does require energy. All three processes are involved in many functions
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Analyzing the effects of varying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations on the volume of its drop Jonah Jemina IB Chemistry SL 11 Mr. Eastwood Analyzing the effects of varying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations on the volume of its drop Jonah Jemina Introduction: Hydrogen peroxide is a clear and colourless substance that has a strong oxidizing characteristic. From the books‚ “Hydrogen Peroxide: Medical Miracle”[1995] by Douglass and “Applications of hydrogen
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different sucrose concentrations then the tube with the lowest concentration of sucrose will expand the potato the most because the water will move into the potato to even out the concentration levels of the sucrose/ water ratio inside and outside of the potato was supported by the data. The data shows that the potato submerged in the lowest concentration of the sucrose water solution had the greatest percent change in mass at 15.2% for 0% concentration. Overall‚ the higher the concentration of the solution
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living things are comprised of a variety of cells‚ such as kidney cells‚ brain cells and skin cells. Cancer develops when a particular cell mutates‚ then begins to grow and divide. Eventually‚ these cells form a mass called a malignant tumor‚ which often starts to invade surrounding tissue and organs. Super Foods It is thought that up to one third of cancer related deaths could be diet related. Many of the foods we eat today can in fact be harmful to the cells in our bodies‚ particularly ’fast food’
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