Evaluation and Characterization of Seawater RO Membrane Fouling Dr. Sambhu Saran Mitra – Water System Manager‚ Antony Rajan Thomas – Chemist and Guo Tian Gang – Water Engineer‚ Sembcorp Gulf O&M Co Ltd‚ Fujairah Water & Power Plant‚ Fujairah‚ PO Box 5024‚ UAE. Email: sambhu.mitra@sembcorp.com Mobile: +971503994191‚ ABSTRACT Fresh water shortage is a growing problem facing the world‚ especially in the Middle East. With the rapid increase in fuel price‚ seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is increasingly
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RESULTS 28⁰C was the optimal temperature. 28⁰C had the maximum rate of reaction for the class data and results provided by this experiment; the results were represented graphically in graph 1 and graph 2. The reason for having 2 tables and graphs is because 28⁰C was done twice. Data for 28⁰C was collected in this experiment and it was collected again by peers in the classroom. Results are identical because all temperatures except 28⁰C was collected once from peers. Based on the results from the
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Activity 6.2-Membranes Organize a Cell’s Activity Dissect a Plasma Membrane Objective: to understand the structure of a membrane 1. Why is the membrane described as a phospholipid bilayer? It is described as a phospholipid bilayer because there are two layers of phospholipid molecules. 2. How does the arrangement of the phospholipids form a bilayer? The phospholipids arranged in two layers so that the charged phosphate heads interact with the water on either side of the membrane‚ and the
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is the temperature at which water changes phase from a liquid to a solid or vice versa. The freezing point describes the liquid to solid transition while the melting point is the temperature at which water goes from a solid (ice) to liquid water. In theory‚ the two temperatures would be the same‚ but liquids can be super cooled beyond their freezing points so that they don’t solidify until well below freezing point. Ordinarily the freezing point of water is 0° C or 32° F. The temperature may be lower
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the 200mL beaker started with an average temperature of 43.5oC it then gradually fell to 41oC after 45 seconds‚ then rapidly decreased in temperature by 2oC every 15 seconds. At the 90 second period it decreased by 4oC from 35.5oC to 31.5oC it then steadied out falling by 1oC per 15 seconds until the 120 second stop mark. For the 500mL beaker the temperature difference between the 15 second intervals were very different being more gradual with the temperature on average falling from 1 – 1.25oC per
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Purpose Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries‚ even when the surrounding temperature varies and is of higher or lower temperature than what is normal. The purpose of thermoregulation is to balance thermal inputs and thermal losses in the body so as to maintain a relatively constant core temperature of approximately 36.7 degrees celsius. If this was unable to take place the body may not be able to functions properly and it could result
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Thermochemistry Thermochemistry is the study of heat evolved and absorbed during the chemical reactions. The system is the interest of the universe; the surroundings are the rest of the universe in which the exchange of the energy with the system takes place. Both‚ the system and the surroundings make up the universe. Heat flow is the transfer of heat from a warm place to a cooler one. System to surroundings: Surroundings to system:
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respiration. In the presence of oxygen‚ pyruvate or fatty acids‚ can be further oxidized in the mitochondria. Each mitochondrion is enclosed by two membranes separated by an intermembrane space. The intermembrane space extends into the folds of the inner membrane called cristae which dramatically increase the surface area of the inner membrane. Cristae extend into a dense material called the matrix‚ an area which contains RNA‚ DNA‚ proteins‚ ribosomes and range of solutes. This is similar to
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Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. The purpose of this experiment is to reveal how a form of diffusion in a semipermeable membrane works by creating a real life simulation of a semipermeable plasma membrane. This is done by building an imitation of a caterpillar’s digestive tract using dialysis tubing and glassware. The first material in this experiment is a small beaker representing the head and crop of the caterpillar. This beaker is filled with both starch and the enzyme α-amylase. This
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To investigate the effect of different caffeine concentration on the heartbeat rate of Daphnia at room temperature. Introduction: Caffeine is found‚ and produced in many plant species to function as a natural pesticide‚ and as an inhibitor of seed germination of other nearby coffee seedlings to give it a better chance of survival. Caffeine is able to paralyze and kill certain insects upon feeding on the plants that produce caffeine. Coffee‚ tea and cocoa are common caffeine-containing
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