History of Indian Budget India’s first Finance Minister Sir R.K. Shanmugham Chetty‚ presented the first Finance Budget of independent India on November 26‚ 1947. Since then‚ 28 differentUnion Finance Ministers have been presenting the budget year after year. Initially‚ major attention was paid towards the agriculture sector but as the economy evolved‚ the focus shifted from agriculture to other sectors like industrial‚ financial etc. During the early the fifties‚ Indian budget highlights revolved
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main two reasons for the companies to implement variable pay plan are: motivating employees and reducing cost. In this paper we try to point out the challenges the organizations might face when they apply variable pay system by reviewing related literature. We find that it is difficult for the company to have a reliable measure for the variable pay system. In addition‚ the focus of the variable pay plan should be on motivating employees or cutting cost and how to strike a balance between these two
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Use of Dummy Variables in Testing for Equality Between Sets of Coefficients in Linear Regressions: A Generalization Author(s): Damodar Gujarati Source: The American Statistician‚ Vol. 24‚ No. 5 (Dec.‚ 1970)‚ pp. 18-22 Published by: American Statistical Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2682446 . Accessed: 09/07/2013 18:34 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use‚ available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms
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Capital budgeting is a step by step process that businesses use to determine the merits of an investment project. The decision of whether to accept or deny an investment project as part of a company’s growth initiatives‚ involves determining the investment rate of return that such a project will generate. However‚ what rate of return is deemed acceptable or unacceptable is influenced by other factors that are specific to the company as well as the project. For example‚ a social or charitable project
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Cultural Perspectives CCM International Journal of 2003 Vol 3(1): 121–144 Cross Cultural Management ‘To Adapt or Not to Adapt’ Exploring the Role of National Culture in HRM – A Study of Pakistan Shaista E. Khilji Carleton University‚ Ontario‚ Canada This study draws out evidence from 11 organizations‚ local as well as multinationals‚ in Pakistan to test the ‘culture-sensitive’ view. A number of conclusions are drawn. First‚ the findings support this view; evidence shows
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KEY TO BUDGET DOCUMENTS BUDGET 2013-2014 1. The Budget documents presented to Parliament comprise‚ besides the Finance Minister’s Budget Speech‚ the following: A. Annual Financial Statement (AFS) B. Demands for Grants (DG) C. Appropriation Bill D. Finance Bill E. Memorandum Explaining the Provisions in the Finance Bill‚ 2013 F. Macro-economic framework for the relevant financial year G. Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement for the financial year H. Medium Term Fiscal Policy Statement I. Medium Term Expenditure
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Budget The Budget is prepared by the ministry of Finance ant the union budget is presented by the Finance Minister. Our constitution has made it compulsory that every year The Budget is presented before the Parliament . The overall responsibility of preparing the budget lies with the Ministry of Finance. Various departments of this ministry work for several months to prepare the budget. Each department has a specific responsibility. The departments are: Department of Expenditure‚ Department
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What are Segmentation Variables? To understand what segmentation variables in marketing are‚ it helps to first know what market segmentation is. Market segmentation is the analysis of population demographics so they can be categorized in specific ways. These specific ways of categorization in market segmentation are why segmentation variables are needed and used. Four (4) groups of Segmentation Variables – 1. Geographic segmentation is based on variables such as: • Region: this kind of
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why Kevar Travel Plc. wished to make its workforce more flexible? (18 marks) There are several possible reasons for why Kevar Travel Plc would benefit from a flexible workforce. Flexible workforces exist when businesses place less reliance upon permanent full-time employees and make greater use of part-time and temporary workers. Implementing a core and peripheral strategy is one way to make the workforce more flexible. This is because it allows them to gain a core of skilled
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. Providing a flexible work environment for employees benefits both the employee’s and employers. Flexibility creates a reduced stress environment‚ this increases productivity‚ loyalty and respect for the employer and management staff. It also allows the employees an opportunity to feel both respected and maintained‚ this increasing all-rounded improvement‚ it will also reduce the likely-hood of individuals resigning. Stress is an important part of the working environment‚ when individuals become
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