The Behavioural approach Classical conditioning- Pavlov’s dogs- Procedures and findings-Criticisms Classical conditioning is a technique used in behavioral training. A naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response. Then‚ a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually‚ the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The two elements are then known as the conditioned stimulus and
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Literature: A Criticism of Life Literature does not simply add to reality‚ but describes it. Matthew Arnold’s statement about literature being a “criticism of life” is right because literature teaches it talks about problems that the world faces daily‚ good moral lessons through criticism‚ and it shows the author commentary on things. Literature is used to express people’s feelings and thoughts. In some literature‚ it can be used to show what authors critique in this world‚ being either good or
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Metaphoric Criticism Metaphors are everywhere. Every story that we read‚ speech that we hear‚ even images can be used as metaphors to bring about meaning. They are used in everyday conversations‚ and are visual tools that give our listeners a better understanding of our intended meaning. Metaphoric criticism is a critiquing method that attempts to gain a greater understanding of the metaphors used within an artifact‚ and therefore attain a better perception of the author or orators intended meaning
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CRITICISMS OF PORTER’S DIAMOND I. INTRODUCTION The book‚ “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”‚ shows how Michael Porter studied ten developed countries and 100 industries in order to answer questions concerning the national competitive advantage which he found to be inadequately explained by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory and the theory of comparative advantage. (Hill‚ 2009‚ p. 189). These questions include: A. “Why are some nations more successful than others in international competition?”
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The School of Psychoanalytic Criticism “The Cask of Amontillado” and its author Edgar Allan Poe are excellent references for applying psychoanalytic interpretations to an author and his work. Psychoanalytic criticism uses a Freudian theory of a three level psyche‚ the ego‚ the super-ego‚ and the id to gain a better understanding of the deeper or hidden meaning within literature and an understanding of the psychological identity of the author‚ the characters or the reader. Freud theorized that
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Critics of the welfare state argue that such a system will make citizens dependent on the system and less inclined to work. However‚ certain studies indicate there is no association between economic performance and welfare expenditure in developed countries‚[25] and that there is no evidence for the contention that welfare states impede progressive social development. R. E. Goodin et al.‚ in The Real Worlds of Welfare Capitalism‚[26] compares the United States‚ which spends relatively little on social
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‘Structuralism and Literary Criticism’ - Gerard Genette Structuralism is a way to examines a literary text to arrive at their meaning‚ rather than the actual meanings of the text themselves. It is a study of structure wherever they occur. In the essay Genette analyses content‚ logics‚ grammars and semiotics. He is considering structuralism as a method to study literary criticism. In the beginning of the essay Genette is establishing difference between Bricoleur and Engineer‚ Art critic and Literary
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READER’S RESPONSE STRATEGY/ READER’S RESPONSE CRITICISM Applying Reader Response Strategy in Appreciating Literary Works The appreciation of the short story applies seven reader response strategies posed by Beach and Marshall (1990); they are describing‚ conceiving‚ explaining‚ interpreting‚ engaging‚ connecting and judging. The guiding questions are constructed based on the responses. NO | Response | Explanations | Indicators | Questions to guide | 1 | Engaging(Include) | Getting involved
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the Devil and he tempts Brown with all sorts of ways to ’leave the path.’ The exact opposite of the Devil is represented in Brown’s wife‚ Faith. Faith represents Brown’s faith in God. An excerpt that best represents the Mythological Approach to Criticism is as follows: "’Dearest heart‚’ whispered she‚ softly and rather sadly‚ when her lips were close to his ear‚ ’pr’y thee‚ put off your journey until sunrise‚ and sleep in your own bed to- night. A lone woman is troubled with such dreams
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Criticism the expression of disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes. the act of passing judgment as to the merits of anything. 7 Effective Ways to Deal With Criticism Nobody likes being criticised but‚ unfortunately it is a fact of life. To be able to respond to criticism with nobility and detachment is an important life skill‚ which few people have. If we respond to criticism without careful consideration‚ it can easily lead to unnecessary suffering. 1. What Can
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