RESTING POTENTIAL Resting potential is the membrane potential when a neuron is not conducting any electrical impulse or signal. The resting potential is around -75 mV. During resting potential‚ the inside of the axon is negative GRADED POTENTIAL ACTION POTENTIAL Action potential is a fleeting reversal of the membrane potential‚ caused by changes in permeability of the plasma membrane of neuron to potassium and sodium ions causing an electrical impulse to be transmitted along the axon.
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membrane of the olfactory receptor are chemical‚ in the membrane of the Pacinian corpuscle are pressure‚ and in the membrane of the free nerve ending are several different modalities because the sensory end of the nerve is less specialized. 2. The term graded potential is meant to describe the amplitude of the receptor when there is an increase in stimulus intensity with an appropriate stimulus. 3. The stimulus modality that induced the largest-amplitude receptor potential in the Pacinian corpuscle was
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Touch receptors called Meissner’s corpuscles are found in the papillary region of the dermis of the skin. When nothing is touching the skin‚ a voltage difference known as the (1) ___________ _____________ _____________ exists across the plasma membrane. Leakage channels‚ also called passive channels‚ allow the movement of potassium (and sodium) across the membrane. Due to the electrochemical gradient‚ (2) ___________________ (ion) diffuses out of the cell. Because of this and because proteins that
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potassium ions (as demonstrated in Activity 1). What passive channels are likely found in the membrane of the olfactory receptor‚ in the membrane of the Pacinian corpuscle‚ and in the membrane of the free nerve ending? 2. What is meant by the term graded potential? 3. Identify which of the stimulus modalities induced the largest amplitude receptor potential in the Pacinian corpuscle. How well did the results compare with your prediction? 4. Identify which of the stimulus modalities induced the largest
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Text Edition (10th/11th/12th) is specified if the figure numbers are DIFFERENT in the editions. If figure numbers are the SAME‚ then the edition is not specified. ****502 Students: Read this paragraph **** If you are a 502 student using this guide‚ this is based on Dr. Rust’s lectures in Physiol 201. Topics may have been covered in more detail in 502 or the coverage or emphasis may have been different since many topics in 502 were taught by other professors- so use your notes and slides along
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Chapter 48 Nervous Systems Lecture Outline Overview: Command and Control Center The human brain contains an estimated 1011 (100 billion) neurons. Each neuron may communicate with thousands of other neurons in complex information-processing circuits. Recently developed technologies can record brain activity from outside the skull. One technique is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)‚ which reconstructs a 3-D map of the subject’s brain activity. The results of brain imaging and other
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excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibers. ACH is released at the end-plate potential. ACH diffuses into the sarcolemma‚ attaches to the receptors in the motor end plate and causes a change in the ions permeability that creates graded depolarization of the end-plate potential. Basically‚ it attaches to the receptors in the motor-end plate and creates the beginning process of triggering muscle contractions. 4. Describe the three phases of a skeletal muscle twitch. Latent Phase: During
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and other major components. o Dendrites: Branch out from the cell body and receive messages from other neurons. o Axons: Carries messages away from the cell body to the dendrites. 4. Define polarization/depolarization. o Polarization: Resting state of neuron‚ semipermeable. o Depolarization: Stimulated state‚ neuron is no longer mostly negative on the inside. 5. How do neurons fire? o Sodium ions pump in‚ depolarizing the axon‚ before the polarization returns. 1. What is a neuron? o The
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Name___________________________________ Biology 2401 Quiz Fundamentals of the Nervous System Ch 11 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? A) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh B) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings C) act as a transmitting agent D) stimulate the production of serotonin 1) 2) The term central nervous system refers to the ________
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I. Types of Muscles a. Skeletal i. Striated ii. Uses intracellular calcium to contact iii. Big cylindrical cells iv. Multi-nucleated v. Voluntary vi. Location: attached to the bone vii. Used for locomotion b. Cardiac i. Involuntary ii. Uni-nucleated iii. Striated iv. Location: walls of heart v. Used to propel blood vi. Uses extracellular calcium c. Smooth i. Involuntary ii. Location: Walls of hallow organs iii. Non-striated iv. Uses extracellular calcium v. Spindle shaped cells
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