CHAPTER 1 Basic principles of pacing Malcolm Kirk The aim of this chapter is to give sufficient background and information about cardiac pacemakers to allow interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) and telemetry strips of normal pacemaker behavior. For more in-depth information‚ such as would be necessary for programming pacemakers‚ a standard pacing text should be consulted. Several of these are listed in the bibliography. Most italicized terms are defined in the glossary at the end of the chapter
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Drugs & Behavior EXAM I Study Guide Every correct answer is on the test…MC & Matching terms with definitions. No short answers… Terms: Psychopharmacology study of the action of drugs on living organisms Specific Drug Effects: result from physical and biochemical interactions of a drug with its target tissue Therapeutic effects- desirable effects of drug-receptor binding Side effects- undesirable effects of drug-receptor binding Non-specific Drug Effects: effects of a drug not based on
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increase in voltage causes a small increase in the height of the action potential peak. 3. What reasons can you give for your answer? Recruitment of the nerve’s neurons. Increasing the voltage will cause most of the neural fibers to experience depolarization. 4. At what voltage did you no longer observe an increase in the peak of the action potential trace? Maximum voltage or the point beyond which no further increase occurs in the peak of the action potential trace was 4.0V Activity 2-4:
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positive charge‚ which makes the neuron become more positive and depolarized. As depolarization reaches threshold of -55mV‚ the action potential is triggered and sodium ions (Na+) rush into the cell. If the neuron does not reach this critical threshold‚ then no action potential will fire. It takes longer for potassium channels to open. When they do open‚ potassium (K+) rushes out of the cell‚ reversing the depolarization. Also at this time‚ sodium channels (Na+) is exiting the cell and starting to close
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of axon and muscle fiber‚ d/t aCH dumped into synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on skeletal muscle‚ when Ach withdrawn muscle relaxes Nerve impulse down axon‚ when hits the exon terminus it causes a voltage gated Ca channel to open‚ wave of depolarization causes Ca to come into cell (Ca tells cells to do what it does best) and axon terminus releases it’s neurotransmitters. (ACH) ACH vesicle fuses with plasma membrane‚ what was inside the vesicle is now outside the cell‚ ACH drifts across synaptic
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SPECIAL SENSES AUDITION & EQUILIBRIUM Chapter 15 HEARING • Textbook: Pages 570-579 • Review Questions: #19-23 EQUILIBRIUM • Textbook: Pages 580-583 • Review Questions: #24-25‚ 29 THE EAR – AUDITION & EQUILIBRIUM • Outer‚ Middle‚ Inner – Outer + middle: hearing structures – Inner: hearing + equilibrium structures • Audition – sound vibrations move fluids to stimulate hearing receptors • Equilibrium – head movements disturb fluids surrounding equilibrium receptors Figure 15.24a Structure of
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Depolarization of the atria on an ECG can be seen as the P wave (Figure 1). During atrial systole‚ the blood is pushed through the atrioventricular (AV) valves into the ventricles and the impulse will reach the AV node just shortly after. This slight delay from
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Name:shasou Exercise 3: Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses: Activity 5: The Action Potential: Measuring Its Absolute and Relative Refractory Periods Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 50% by answering 2 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Which of the following occurs after the peak of the action potential? Your answer : b. Voltage-gated K+ channels open. Correct answer: d. All of these occur. 2. What is meant by Na+ channel inactivation? Your answer : a. The Na+ channel opens when the membrane
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Automaticity of the Heart‚ pp.1103. or the property of generating spontaneous depolarization to threshold‚ enables the SA and AV nodes to generate cardiac action potentials without any stimulus. Cells cable of spontaneous depolarization are called automatic cells. The automatic cells of the cardiac conduction system can stimulate the heart to beat even when the heart is removed from the body. Spontaneous depolarization is possible in automatic cells b/c the membrane potential does not “rest” during
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Mechanism of Action of Drugs Affecting The Cardiovascular System 1) Antihypertensive Drugs: ➢ Diuretics ➢ (-Blockers ➢ ACE Inhibitors ➢ Angiotensin II-Receptor Antagonists ➢ Renin Inhibitors ➢ Calcium Channel Blockers ➢ (-Blockers 2) Antianginal Drugs ➢ Organic Nitrates ➢ (-Blockers ➢ Calcium Channel Blockers 3) Drug Treatment of Heart Failure
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