the neurons that supply muscles. Contents [hide] 1 Mechanism 2 Causes 3 Diagnosis 4 References 5 External links [edit]Mechanism Low plasma calcium increases the permeability of neuronal membranes to sodium ions‚ causing a progressive depolarization. This increases the ease with which action potentials can be initiated. If the plasma Ca2+ decreases to less than 50% of the normal value of 9.4mg/dl; action potentials may be spontaneously generated‚ causing
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uniform soils while well graded soils have uniformity coefficients equal to or greater than 4. Cu > 5 is an indication of gravels and Cu > 6 is for sands. © Coefficient of Gradation or Coefficient of Curvature Cg: This is a measure of the shape of the particle size curve. Cg = (D30)2/ D60 x D10 4.6 Cg from 1 to 3 ------- connotes a well graded soil 4.7 Special cases of poorly graded soils are gap-graded (curve E) and uniformly graded soils (curve C). Gap-graded soils can occur either
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muscles resulting in contraction or movement. Nerves impulse occurs when an action potential changes rapidly. When action potential occurs‚ the sodium gates will open as Na+ flowing into the axon the changes from –65mV to +40mV‚ this is call depolarization and during repolarization the charge as k+exits the
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causing hyperpolarisation Since resting potential is farther‚ takes longer to reach threshold potential‚ therefore slower HR. Sympathetic Regulation of HR Sympathetic nerves will release NE NE binds to receptors on SA node. Speed up rate of depolarization so threshold potential is reached faster causing more frequent action potentials; therefore increasing HR Speeds up spread of action potential throughout specialized conduction pathways Stroke Volume Volume of blood ejected from ventricles
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Pathophysiology final review. 1. PKU - happens to children (kidney disease) due to improper dietary management. Results in mental retardation. 2. Fragile Fontanele- (Hydrosefalis) Increase intracranial pressure/sutures area become separated. 3. Retinal Detachement- painless‚ floaters‚ particles‚ blurred vision‚ flashes of light. 4. Pericarditis- Inflammation of the pericardia‚ chest pain‚ high fever‚ wbc elevated‚ pericardial friction rub. 5. Thyroid Gland- Metabolism responsible
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The maximum threshold will not change in cardiac muscle cells‚ which is determined by the amount of voltage needed for calcium channels to open. After this point‚ no additional voltage can cause the channels to open more‚ or again‚ prior to depolarization. I was wrong in my prediction because I thought it would increase. 3. Why is it only possible to induce an extrasystole during relaxation? Your answer: Cardiac muscle is able to depolarize
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poorly or uniformly graded with small variation in size. Particle-size distribution curve of fine aggregate is characterized by an S-curve. It is well graded and has a gradation of particle size that spans evenly the size from coarsest to finest. Conclusions drawn from the interpretation of the particle-size distribution curve is supported by computed coefficients of uniformity and gradation which is 6.79 and 1.03 for (well graded) fine aggregates‚ and 1.57 and 1.05 for (poorly graded) coarse aggregate
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Angina Chest pain signs clenching fist symptoms diaphoresis‚ cold sweats‚ pallor‚ grayness‚ Palpitations‚ dyspnea‚ nausea‚ tachycardia‚ fatigue Dyspnea Shortness of breath difficult‚ labored breathing- quantify exactly. Paroxysmal‚ (sudden increase in symptoms)‚ constant or intermittent‚ recumbent‚ paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) -- heart failure Orthopnea the need to assume a more upright position to breathe (note exact number of pillows used) Cyanosis/Pallor dusky blue mottling of the skin
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response was to be fired was determined right at that connection (Asari and Meister‚ 2012). In this way‚ the bipolar cell acts similar to the controller (Carpenter and Reddi‚ 190) in a motor control system‚ as it transmits the desired result of depolarization/hyperpolarization to the plant‚ which is the ganglion cell in this case.
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Digoxin “increases intracellular calcium and allows more calcium to enter myocardial cells during depolarization” (Karch‚ 2017 p.756). The increase in calcium leads to: increased force of contractions‚ increased cardiac output and renal perfusion‚ slower heart rate‚ and decreased conduction velocity through the AV node (Karch‚ 2017). This medication is
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