theorist‚ Travis Hirschi (1969)‚ introduced social bond theory during the late 1900’s as a means to explain one’s resistance to crime (Lilly‚ Cullen & Bell‚ 2015). Hirschi (1969) claimed that the potential benefits of committing crime equally motivated most individuals‚ therefore‚ the primary concern was how individuals resist such temptations (Lilly et al.‚ 2015) The answer‚ involves the social control exerted upon an individual through social bonds that keep them from committing crime (Lilly et al
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Topic 4 - Bonding 4.1 Ionic bonds 4.1.1 Ionic bond: +ve (cations) and -ve (anions) ions are attracted to each other and form a continuous ionic lattice 4.1.2 Group 1 metals form +1 ions‚ group 2 metals form +2 ions‚ metals in group 3 form +3 ions . Examples : Li+‚ Mg2+‚ Al3+. Greater ease of ionisation Li->Cs is due to the increased electron shielding of the nuclear attraction caused by additional inner shells of electrons. The easier atoms are to ionise‚ the more reactive they
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Bond & Free Analysis “Bond and Free” by Robert Frost personifies two entities “Love” and “Thought” as if they exist and exhibit qualities of human beings‚ rather than being effects of the human heart and mind. Frost uses capitalization to begin each entity as if each were formal given names of each entity. Frost begins by referring to Love. Love is described as being grounded and clinging to the earth. It has “circling arms about”. With these descriptions‚ Frost conveys that Love is needy and
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Use the following information for Questions 1 and 2: A stock has a required return on 11 percent. The risk-free is 7 percent‚ and the market risk premium is 4 percent. What is the stock’s beta? 1.2 1.1 1.0* 0.9 If the market risk premium increases to 6 percent‚ what will happen to the stock’s required rate of return? 6.00% 7.00% 11.00% 13.00%* Stock R has a beta of 1.5‚ Stock S has a beta of 0.75‚ the expected rate of return on an average stock is 13 percent‚ and the risk-free
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Mid Term – October 2014 Bond Pricing Qu 1: Time to Maturity Zero Coupon Rate Discount Factor 1 5% 2 6% 3 7% 4 8% 5 9% Give the formula for the discount factor in terms of the zero coupon rate. Use the formula to fill in the discount factors in the table above (you can write the formula or using excel calculate the numerical value). Assume that the government wishes to issue a new 5 year bond priced at 100 (called a par coupon bond as it is priced at par i.e. the price is the same as the face
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Hall of Roids? Barry Bonds is regarded as one of the greatest baseball players in the history of the game. However‚ after a court trial against his trainer‚ it was proven that Barry Bonds had used steroids during training throughout his baseball career. Now his record of 73 home runs in a season has a big asterisk next to it (Bunning). Yet‚ Barry Bonds and many other athletes are still inducted into their sports’ Hall of Fame even though they used steroids. Athletes who used steroids should
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expected rates on zero-coupon bonds with one-quarter maturity that are to be sold on the first day of the quarter that starts one‚ two‚ three and four quarters from Oct 1‚ 2009 respectively‚ i.e. the first day of the first‚ second‚ third and fourth quarter of 2010. These expected rates are also called the forward rates. (4) Based on your calculations‚ please comment on the market expectation on Oct 1‚ 2009 for interest rates on one-quarter maturity zero-coupon bonds that are to be sold on the first
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CORPORATE BOND ISSUANCE 1. IS IT A GOOD TIME FOR WORLDCOM‚ INC. TO ISSUE? CONSIDER FACTORS IN FAVOR AND FACTORS THAT ARE NOT IN FAVOR. Personally I believe that the time is not in favor of WorldCom in undertaking one of the largest bond issues at the time. Even though there are many advantages with proceeding with the issue‚ I believe that the degree and the uncertainty raised by some of the disadvantages outweigh the advantages of going ahead with the $6Billion bond. In the
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factors to desistance such as Social Control Theory‚ also known as Social Bond theory. According to the Social Bond Theory‚ the bond between individual and the people around them are important in the support of preventing and controlling the individual from reoffending (Hirschi‚ 1969). There are 4 factors in the social bond theory which are; attachment‚ commitment‚ belief and involvement (Vold et al.‚ 2002). Attachment is the bond between the individual and the people around such as family and friends
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MORTGAGE BACKED BOND (MBB) WHAT IS IT MBBs are the third asset securitization vehicles. They differ from pass-thru and CMOs in 2 key dimensions: 1. Pass thru’ and CMOs remove mortgages from bank’s balance sheets as forms of offbalance sheet securitization. 1. MBBs normally remain on the balance sheet 2. Pass thru’ and CMOs have a direct link between the cash flows on the underlying mortgages and the cash flows on the bond vehicles 2. For MBBs‚ there is no direct link between the cash flow on
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