safety Needs 3. Social Needs 4. Esteem or ego needs 5. Self – actualization needs. 2. Define Management By Objectives. According to John Humble - Management By Objectives or “MBO is a dynamic system which integrates the company’s need to achieve its goals for profit and growth‚ with the manager’s need to contribute and develop himself.” In other words‚ MBO is a dynamic system of management; it recognizes the need of the manager to achieve and to grow on the job and it integrates the individual
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PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT Subject Code – B-101 Section A: PART ONE Multiple choice questions with single response: Q1. A | | Q6. C | Q2. B | | Q7. B | Q3. D | | Q8. D | Q4. A | | Q9. A | Q5. A | | Q10. D | PART TWO Short notes type questions: Q1. Differentiate between ‘Administration’ and ‘Management’ The Major differences between the Administration and Management can be summed up as below: * Administration
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Difference between Administration /Management Answer: There are many factors according to which administration can be distinguished from management. These are as follows: Nature of work Administration: It is concerned about the determination of objectives and major policies of an organization. Management: It puts into action the policies and plans laid down by the administration. Type of function Administration:It is a determinative function. Management: It is an executive function.
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Table of Contents * The meaning of Management * Management Functions and Process * Management Approaches * Motivation Theory * The Meaning of Management Management may be defined in many different ways: “Management is the development of people and not the direction of things” - Lawrence A Appley “Management is defined as the process by which a co- operative group directs action towards common goals” - Joseph Massie “Management is a distinct process consisting of planning
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Proceedings of ASBBS Volume 17 Number 1 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE SAEED‚ TAHIR‚ Ph.D (Management) Director Medical Services‚ Pak Telecom Company‚ Islamabad‚ Pakistan. E-Mail: tahirdr@hotmail.com Phone No. 92-51-2294452 TAYYAB‚ BASIT‚ Ph.D (Management) Associate Professor‚ Qauid-i-Azam University Islamabad‚ Pakistan. E-Mail: basittayyab@gmail.com M. ANIS-UL-HAQUE‚ Ph.D Associate Professor‚ Qauid-i-Azam University Islamabad‚ Pakistan. E-Mail: haqanis@yahoo.com
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a major turning point in management thinking; hence‚ contemporary management was born. He was well known for his Hawthorne experiment that turned heads of various scientists‚ many arguing with this concept and others‚ practicing it. Hawthorne underwent various validity attacks including whether the study is a biased myth and if Mayo concealed important findings‚ evidence and details that arose from his studies from the public. This triggered more doubt concerning the study that raised other questions
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Hawthorne Effect The Hawthorne effect — an increase in worker productivity produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out and made to feel important. Individual behaviors may be altered by the study itself‚ rather than the effects the study is researching was demonstrated in a research project (1927 - 1932) of the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in Cicero‚ Illinois. This series of research‚ first led by Harvard Business School professor Elton Mayo along with associates
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FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Assessment “The Hawthorne Studies are often identified as the single most important piece of empirical industrial social science ever undertaken. To what extent would you agree with this appraisal?” “There is a single light of science‚ and to brighten it anywhere is to brighten it everywhere.” – Isaac Asimov. Science (from Latin scientia - knowledge) is most commonly defined as the investigation or study of nature through observation and reasoning‚ aimed
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Hawthorne Studies The Hawthorne Studies‚ conducted at Western Electric’s Hawthorne plant outside Chicago‚ starting in 1924 and running through 1936‚ were intended to bring about a greater understanding of the effects of working conditions on worker productivity. The results of the experiments were contrary to the management theory of the time (Scientific Management)‚ and were key in bringing about an understanding of motivation factors in employment Basically‚ a series of studies on the productivity
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Principles and Practice of Management Section A Part One 1. a 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. a 10. d Part Two: 1. Administration and Management:- Administration and Management are generally taken to mean as one and the same and are often used interchangeably. Administration can be defined as the universal process of organizing people and resources efficiently so as to direct activities towards common goals and objectives
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