Mechanism of chalcone formation Kinetic studies have been reported for the base-catalyzed formation of chalcone and its derivatives. [7‚ 8‚ 9] Two alternative mechanisms have been advanced for the reaction of benzaldehyde with acetophenone in the presence of a basic catalyst. 5 The formation of chalcone by the acid catalyzed condensation of acetophenone and benzaldehyde has been studied [10]. The following mechanism seems to be operating- 6 Importance of chalcones [1]They have close relationship
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year t; and EQCapj‚t refers to paid -up equity capital for firm j in year t.Equity capital is employed instead of the usual number of outstanding shares in the denominator as it facilitates comparison of rupee dividend paid per share by removing the impact of different face or par values Dividend payout ratio (PR) is computed as: PR j‚t = Dividendj‚t
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based on traditional domination or charismatic domination in the sense of Max Weber’s tripartite classification of authority Bureaucratic structures[edit] Weber (1948‚ p. 214) gives the analogy that “the fully developed bureaucratic mechanism compares with other organizations exactly as does the machine compare with the non-mechanical modes of production. Precision‚ speed‚ unambiguity‚ … strict subordination‚ reduction of friction and of material and personal costs- these are raised to the optimum
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An organisations culture is a body of its beliefs‚ culture and code of conduct‚ which influences employee behaviour in an organisation (Trevino & Nelson 2010). Cultural systems in organisations are divided into formal and informal systems. It is hard for organisations to specify written rules that cover all aspects of their work hence; the formal system presents us with limited direction (Ouchi 1977). Under formal cultural systems leadership‚ values and selection systems are discussed in this essay
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this study was to investigate the communication issues that occur with a modern day tourism and hospitality organisation. The research initially indicated that communication skills regarding leadership were greatly affected by the leaders gender. Secondly‚ the communication technique persuasion combined with engaging formal workplace meetings was proven to be greatly beneficial for an organisation. Thirdly‚ communication techniques such as active listening‚ ‘I’ messages and timing was proven to assist
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hence substitutable for one another. Also called perfect market or pure competition. The single firm takes its price from the industry‚ and is‚ consequently‚ referred to as a price taker. The industry is composed of all firms in the industry and the market price is where market demand is equal to market supply. Each single firm must charge this price and cannot diverge from it. In the short run Under perfect competition‚ firms can make super-normal profits or losses. In the long run However
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT POLICY 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………… FOREWORD 1.0 2.0 INTRODUCTION SME DEVELOPMENT 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 ………………………………………………………………………………. IN TANZANIA…………………………………………………….……… Definition ………………………………………..........…………. Importance of Small and Medium Enterprises ………………………… Government Effort…………………………………………… ……………… 5 Constraints faced by SMEs in Tanzania ………………………………
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Organizational Structure Of Bharti Airtel CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR PRESIDENT & CEO PRESIDENT MOBILE SERVICES PRESIDENT MOBILE SERVICES PRESIDENT ENTERPRISE SERVICES DIRECTOR CUSTOMER SERVICES DIRECTOR CUSTOMER SERVICES AND DIRECTOR LEGAL AND REGULATORY DIRECTOR TECHNOLOGY DIRECTOR SUPPLY CHAIN DIRECTOR MARKETING DIRECTOR HUMAN RESOURSES CFO AND DIRECTOR STRATEGY Organizational Structure Of Tata Steel Executive Incharge CHIEF(BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT & SALES) CHIEF (DESIGN & TECHNICAL SERVICES)
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well as identify changes in the business environment over the years and how this has affected the pub chain Wetherspoons. I will look into things such as the competative and external environment whilst finding key factors which are affecting the organisation. Meanwhile the company’s competitive strategies will be investigated. 2. PEST – External Environment I have been told to analyse the external environment and from this identify the key factors which are affecting Wetherspoons‚ the majority
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GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM IN GOVERNMENT GRIEVANCE REDRESS 1.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism is part and parcel of the machinery of any administration. No administration can claim to be accountable‚ responsive and user-friendly unless it has established an efficient and effective grievance redress mechanism. In fact‚ the grievance redress mechanism of an organization is the gauge to measure its efficiency and effectiveness as it provides important feedback on the working of the administration
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