INTRODUCTION “Not only had India….set up his own machinery for oil exploration and exploitation….an efficient oil commission had been build where a large number of bright young men and women had been trained and they were doing good work.” -Pandit Janwarlal Nehru to Lord Mountbatten‚ on ONGC (1959) ONGC Group of Companies comprising of ONGC Limited‚ and its subsidiaries ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL)‚ ONGC Nile Ganga BV (ONGBV) and Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) organize
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In the environmental sphere‚ the government could focus on stronger regulations that would decrease reliance on oil‚ and instead increase the use of clean energy resources. One such successful example has been Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards‚ which encourage higher fuel efficiency for all vehicles. By creating higher standards for cars‚ the government forced carmakers to innovate and create cleaner cars. At a federal level‚ the EPA could do more to encourage safer extraction of unconventional
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Accounting for Managers 3. BUDGETING When you have completed this section‚ you should be able to: • Explain the benefits of budgeting • Describe a budgeting process • Explain the difference fixed and flexible budget • Prepare a simple flexible budget from a fixed budget • Compute variances from budget and actual data • Prepare a cash budget • Explain the setbacks of traditional budgeting • Explain the problems of budgetary slack • Explain the impact of globalization to the budgeting process
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competence of local officials to make local government units effective partners of the national government in the development of the country? With the changing concept of local governance‚ the local government personnel should be qualified and highly trained for their enabling or facilitative functions. A basic question that is raised is‚ do they have the competence to perform the enabling functions of local government? In the Philippines‚ both national and local governments have the responsibility
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statement: “Budgeting is a key component in management short and long term planning.” Introduction In a company‚ budgeting and operational activities link together‚ and budgeting plays an important role in a company’s running. At the end of the year‚ senior director will start to plan the budget for the next year. A successful business must be having a detailed budget. In this article‚ we are going to talk about what is budgeting and how is it important. What is budgeting Budget is an
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process for preparing a monthly budget includes: • Listing of all sources of monthly income • Listing of all required‚ fixed expenses‚ like rent/mortgage‚ utilities‚ phone • Listing of other possible and variable expenses Advantages of Budgeting 1. A basis for internal audit for regularly evaluating departmental result 2. Scarce resources can be allocated in an optimal way 3. It forces management to plan ahead so that long term goals are achieved 4. Communication and coordination
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Importance of CSR activities for the Government • According to S50L companies of Mauritius have to contribute 2% of their annual book of profits to contribute to the social and environmental development of the country. • Business makes sustainable development by producing goods that do not harm the environment and which is eco-friendly. (Thus‚ Government needs not to bother too much about pollution and the effect that it will cause to the environment) En bracket la gueT si li faire tro lng ou tire
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GOVERNMENT BUDGETING Government budgeting is the critical exercise of allocating revenues and borrowed funds to attain the economic and social goals of the country. It also entails the management of government expenditures in such a way that will create the most economic impact from the production and delivery of goods and services while supporting a healthy fiscal position. GOVERNMENT BUDGET In general‚ a government budget is the financial plan of a government for a given period‚ usually
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Public Budgeting 1 Public Budgeting Introduction Public finance comprises any revenues or expenditures passing through state budgets‚ derived from whatever source and however spent. Public finance has to be accounted for within governmental budgets for it to qualify as public finance (Bailey‚ 2003). This paper will discuss the concept of public finance and its philosophy. There is a comparison of governmental accounting and nongovernmental accounting‚ and an explanation of the relationship
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Budgeting consists of defining priorities and needs‚ and receiving and spending funds over a particular period‚ usually a year for school district (Brimley‚ Verstegen & Garfield‚ 2012 (p. 279). The school budget is a financial plan that involves strategic planning‚ receiving funds‚ expenditures and evaluating the results. Education accountability is linked to effective budgeting that establish instructional goals along with financial planning. It is imperative as a school board member to possess
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