Module II: Fundamental Concepts of Managerial Economics * Opportunity Costs‚ Incremental Principle‚ Time perspective‚ Discounting and Equi-Marginal principles. * Theory of the Firm: Firm and Industry‚ Forms of Ownership‚ Objectives of the firm‚ alternate objectives of firm. * Managerial theories: Baumol’s Model‚ Marris’s Hypothesis‚ Williamson’s Model. * Behavioral theories: Simon’s Satisficing Model‚ Cyert and March Model. * Agency theory. * Opportunity cost principle
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1. Basic Concepts Product cost = Direct Labor (DL) + Direct Materials (DM) + Manufacturing Overhead (MOH) Financial accounting Managerial Accounting + Sales + Sales - COGS - Variable Costs = Gross Profit = Contribution Margin - SG&A - Fixed Costs = Net Profit = Net Profit COGS (Cost of Goods Sold) is an “inventoriable cost” ( recorded in the Balance Sheet as inventory and expensed (Income Statement) when goods are sold SG&A (Selling‚ General & Administrative) are
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Running Head: NURTURE: INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Nurture: Influence of Person Experiences Paul Brar HSP 3M One might assume that it is normal for a person to show their true personality‚ or emotions. However‚ as one does this‚ do people realize why one would act a certain way? Since the beginning of time‚ psychologists have been trying to discover whether our environment or genetics determine who we are. Scientists realized that it is mainly the way a person is raised‚ as
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Assignment #1 1. Define scarcity and opportunity cost. What role d these concepts play in the making of management decisions? Scarcity is a condition that exists when resources are limited relative to the demand for their use. Another way of describing this condition is to state that scarcity exists when resources are not available in unlimited amounts. When resources are available in unlimited amounts‚ economists consider them to be “free” goods. Because of the scarcity of resources‚ choices
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............................ 2 2.0 MANAGERS………………………………………………………………………….. 2 2.1 Top Level Managers…………………………………………………………… 2 2.2 Middle level Managers………………………………………………………… 2 2.3 Low level Managers or first-line Managers…………………………………… 3 3.0 MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS………………………………………………………. 3 3.1 Planning……………………………………………………………………….. 4 3.2 Organising……………………………………………………………………… 4 3.3 Leading or Directing…………………………………………………………… 5 3.4 Controlling…………………………………………………………………….. 6 3.5 Staffing…………………………………………………………………………
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Managerial Finance – Problem Review Set – Dividends Policy 1) If a firm adopts a residual distribution policy‚ distributions are determined as a residual after funding the capital budget. Therefore‚ the better the firm’s investment opportunities‚ the lower its payout ratio should be. a. True b. False 2) Even if a stock split has no information content‚ and even if the dividend per share adjusted for the split is not increased‚ there can still be a real benefit (i.e.‚ a higher value
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and difficult dilemmas. But as experienced teachers have learned‚ there are a few basic concepts that underpin all of economics. Once these basic concepts have been mastered‚ learning is much quicker and more enjoyable.” 2 Engineering and Managerial Economics DEFINITION OF ECONOMICS It is very difficult to
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Raymond Castillo Managerial Communications (Man-373-OL009) Written Assignment 1 Hynes introduces a calculated approach to managerial communication by dissecting it into three separate‚ yet mutually dependent functions. Hynes believes that with these approaches‚ management and employees alike can learn to adapt to one another to create an effective work force. The first layer is based on the idea that an employer and his employees can create a positive work atmosphere with the communication climate
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Tortola‚ British Virgin Islands‚ I count myself privileged to have the best of both worlds. Primarily because I was born as an American citizens and am yet able to identify myself as a member of family heritage culture and heritage. Cultural Influences on Personal Identity Development Raised in a Caribbean cultured home where Christianity was our core belief‚ from an early age‚ I was taught the importance of reverencing God and honoring and respecting my parents. Likewise‚ my parents instilled in me
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Part One: 1. It is a concept where goods are produced without taking into consideration the choices or tastes of customer a. Production Concept 2. It involves individuals who buys products or services for personal use and not for manufacture or resale a. Micro Environment 3. It is the groups of people who interact formally or informally influencing each other’s attitudes and behaviors a. Reference Groups 4. The concept of the product that passes through various changes in its total life
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