John XXIII was 76 years old when he came to the papal throne‚ and his age. Inevitably his reign was brief‚ but in terms of its significance and its effects upon religious and world history it was perhaps the most important pontificate since the middle Ages. Much of this significance‚ from the train of events which he set in motion during the years of his reign‚ but much of it also lay in his unique personality. Previous popes had usually been remote figures from the very outset John endeared himself
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queens of the world (Kelly 387)." This is a description of Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor of Aquitaine is a captivating woman who defied her time; she is more successful than any ruler of her time. Her influence is significant in both her own era and today. Eleanor of Aquitaine had a long life until the age of 82‚ where she out-lived her siblings‚ her husbands‚ almost all of her children‚ most of the son/daughter-in-laws‚ and some of her grandchildren. Not only did she successfully ruled as Queen three
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Economic Changes of the Later Middle Ages Manorial Economy o Cashless- Exchange of goods and services o Localized- Little or no trade over long distances o Agricultural- land is wealth o Traditional- obligations and entitlements inherited The Decline of Manorialism o No longer localized- long distance trade reviews as distant regions depend upon one another. o Trade improves and different regions start to specialize‚ the regions in Europe depend on each other. o The wool trade-
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There are many examples of turning points in the past. One turning point is in the Commercial Revolution of the middle ages. Feudalism in medieval Europe was ruthless. The manor economy was based on land‚ so those who had land also held the wealth and power. When trade expanded and businesses grew‚ a new social class emerged that was based on a money economy. This new class‚ the middle class‚ consisted of merchants‚ traders‚ and artisans. As feudalism declined‚ capitalism surfaced. Capitalism is
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lasted five years‚ spreading throughout England and Europe quickly. Although the most common name for this disease was “The Black Death”‚ it also had other names such as “The Bubonic Plague”‚ “The Great Mortality” and more commonly used in the Middle Ages‚ “The Great Pestilence”. It was a very contagious disease‚ killing millions of people in a short amount of time and since there was no cure‚ it was impossible to control. The disease was brought over in ships and spread so fast to England and the
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birth of humanism which encouraged individual expression and creativity. People had become weary after a prolonged period of plague‚ corruption and war that followed the fall of Rome. They were becoming increasingly frustrated with the power of the church and the level of corruption within it. Instead‚ there was a growing desire to return to the prosperous times of early Greece and Rome. Individualism was the central theme of humanism which began to flourish. “At the beginning we find‚ in the 14th
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Catholic Church has developed. St. Thomas Aquinas was an Italian philosopher and theologian of the medieval period born in 1225 in Italy who was a significant mover and shaker. So what was his role in the changing church‚ how did he use his influence‚ what change occurred as a result and where is the Church now as a result? Tomas Aquinas had a role and also an influence in the Catholic Church. He was a philosopher and theologian and he used his role to create change in the Catholic Church. He was
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This religious study will define the influence of St. Augustine on the institutionalization of confession/baptism in the Roman Catholic Church. Augustine’s role in the development of confession is founded on his adaptation of Platonic philosophy into Church doctrine. Plato’s Forms represent the highest “good” in the human soul. Augustine’s perception of the Forms is then integrated into the concept of forgiveness in the teachings of Christ. This new doctrine formed a more tolerant and forgiving
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The Influence of Jewish Mysticism on the Early Christian Church Mystics know and experience God in a very different way than the ordinary believer. Whereas the ordinary believer knows God in an objective‚ concrete manner as embodied in nature or via sacred scriptures‚ the mystic knows God by personal‚ one to one contact between their own spirit (soul) and the spirit of God; heart to heart‚ or as Augustine called it‚ “cor ad cor loquitur.” Because of the one to one‚ highly individualized nature
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Women in the Middle Ages: A Depiction of Craft and Ambition Throughout the works depicting the Arthurian Middle Ages‚ women are scarcely even mentioned. However‚ a few women managed to make it into the pages of history as written by Gildas‚ Nennius and Geoffrey of Monmouth and transcribed by Richard Loomis. These two women‚ specifically Renwein‚ the daughter of Hengist‚ and Culhwch’s stepmother the queen‚ are prime examples of how women in middle age stories were used to warn rulers of
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