C7 Further Chemistry OCR 21st Century: 2011 specification Made by Nabilah Chowdhury Copyrighted References: OCR 21st Century Further Sciences Book‚ CGP: OCR 21st century + various internet sources Topic 1: Green Industry Brief Intro 14/06/13 Natural resources are converted into useful products. Bulk chemicals produced on a large scale b/c there is a larger demand for them. Fine chemical are produced on a smaller scale. They’re used as feedstock’s
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Analysis of Commercial Bleach Lab I. Purpose In this experiment‚ the amount of sodium hypochlorite in a commercial bleach will be determined by reacting it with sodium thiosulfate in the presence of iodide ions and starch. A solution of sodium thiosulfate of known concentration will be added to the bleach using a buret in a titration procedure. The disappearance of the dark blue color of the starch-iodine complex will signal the end point. II. Procedures Pre-Lab Questions 1. What is
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CHEM 1112 Kinetics of the Persulfate – iodide Clock Reaction The purpose of this experiment is to determine the rate law and the activation energy for the reaction between persulfate ion‚ S2O82-‚ and iodide ion‚ I-: S2O82-(aq) + 2 I-(aq) 2 SO42-(aq) + I2(aq) The rate law can be written as Reaction rate = (1) Where m and n are the orders with respect to S2O82- and I-‚ respectively‚ and k is the rate constant. Determining the rate law involves determining the values
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The reaction rate can be studied by measuring the time taken for sufficient quantity of yellow sulfur to be formed. Over time‚ a ‘’cross’’ marked on a piece of paper under the conical flask gradually disappears when viewed from above. 1 time taken for the ‘’cross’’ to disappear because the amount of sulfur formed is considered fixed. To study the order of reaction‚ the experiment is repeated by varying the concentration of each of the reactants (Na2S2O3
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Specific Objective: Carry out test for reducing sugar‚ non reducing sugar‚ starch ‚ protein and lipid. BIOCHEMICAL TESTS Reducing and non-Reducing Sugars Sugars can be classified as either reducing or non-reducing based on their ability to reduce copper(II) ions to copper (I) ions during the Benedict’s Test. Reducing sugar have contain free aldehyde or ketone group and have the ability to reduce copper(II) ions to copper (I) ions during the Benedict’s Test. All monosaccharides are reducing
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This work is focused on evaluation of the potential anticancer effect of a kola nut extract on the human immortalized myelogenous leukemia line (K562) and the human immortalized line of T-lymphocyte cells (Jurkat). The objectives of this research are as follows: 1- Does kola nut extract inhibit leukemia? 2- Does the growth in inhibition induced by kola nut extract fellow a dose- and time- dependent response? 3- Does kola nut extract induce apoptosis or necrosis? 4- Which cell line‚ a K562 or Jurkat
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NITROSYL CHLORIDE 657 NITROSYL CHLORIDE [2696-92-6] Formula: ClNO; MW 65.459 Structure: Cl—N=O. bent molecule‚ N—O bond distance 1.139Å and N—Cl bond distance 1.975Å Uses Nitrosyl chloride is an important component of aqua regia. It is an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis. It also is used as a catalyst. Physical Properties Yellow gas; heavier than air‚ density 2.3 (air=1); gas density 2.872 g/L; liquefies at –5.55°C; liquid density 1.273 g/mL; freezes at –59.4°C; critical temperature 167°C;
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the thumb and the base of the forefinger. A razor blade was used to cut the plant thinly in cross sections. Obliquely cut tissue is a big mistake since the surface of the tissue will not be even upon viewing under the microscope. Iodine-Potassium-Iodide (IKI) and Sudan IV were the dyes used to stain specific parts of the plant tissue. IKI is used to stain structures containing starch which is indicated by the color change from brown to reddish-brown or blue-black. The stem‚ leaf‚ and root cross sections
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and anions of unknown inorganic substances can be determined through qualitative analysis. Materials : KA 1 and KA 2 solutions‚ distilled water‚ aqueous sodium hydroxide‚ aqueous potassium iodide‚ aqueous potassium chromate(VI)‚ aqueous sodium ethanoate‚ aqueous sodium carbonate‚ dilute sulphuric acid‚ iron(II) sulphate‚ concentrated sulphuric acid‚ dilute nitric acid‚ lead(II) nitrate solution‚ Alloy Devordas.
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earliest camera photo that still exists. In 1827 Joseph shared his findings with Louis Jacques Mande Doguerre. In 1835 Daguerre made an important discovery; he found that the chemical compound of silver iodide is more sensitive to light than bitumen. Daguerre placed a coated copper plate with silver iodide in a camera obscura and exposed the plate to light for a short period of time. Fumes of
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