Attacks on layer two of the OSI model Seven layers of OSI In 1977 a model called Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) was proposed‚ with the aim to establish an interoperability standard for different vendor products. This model defines several layers related to data transfer‚ from the lowest (physical) to the highest (application) layer. They have a strong dependence upon one another and headers are usually added when traversing from a lower layer to a higher one. The seven layers are: Layer 1 -
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The movie Denial tells the story about the academic teacher‚ Deborah Lipstadt‚ whom‚ while we’re promoting her new book defending the existence of the Holocaust‚ got sued for her blasphemy words written on her book. The man suing her is the historian David Irving‚ who claims to have his well-regarded military historian’s career ruined by her statements. Lipstadt stand up for the idea that the Holocaust happened and millions of Jews died in gas chambers. On the other side‚ Irving ‚ an man fascinated
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novel because of the war and events going on at the school‚ there is a lot of denial of truth happening. Three of the four boys mentioned earlier deny the truth at sometime in the story. This denying of truth sometimes ends with the person who committed the fault in a bad condition at the end of the book‚ and sometimes in good condition. So it can be said that there were both positive and negative results for each of the denials of the truth‚ but these will be explained more in-depth in the following
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the use of stolen credentials and indirect risk to institutions that conduct business on line through erosion of customer confidence. The damage caused by Phishing ranges from denial of access to e-mail to substantial financial loss. [pic] Fig 1.1 the simplified flow of information in a Phishing attack 1. A deceptive message is sent from the Phishers to the user. 2. A user provides confidential information to a Phishing server (normally after some interaction with the server)
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Introduction: Sushi King. Sushi King first opened their doors in 1995‚ pioneering a new era of Japanese cuisine in Malaysia with their unique ‘Kaiten Sushi’ or ‘Revolving Sushi’ with quick service restaurant concept. Offering a wide variety of sushi along with an expansive menu of other Japanese food at affordable prices in a friendly‚ cosy environment‚ Sushi King quickly gained popularity to become a favourite amongst locals and foreigners alike. From a single outlet in Kuala Lumpur‚ they have
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RENDELL COMPANY CASE Case Overview Rendell Company is a company which had already involved in business almost 50 years and always produces profit. The company has seven operating divisions. Each division has general manager and Division Controller. The Division General Manager is responsible for reporting the division achievement to Corporate Controller. Division Controller has obligation to make report to Division General Manager regarding budget and performance reports. Corporate Controller
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1. The Wilkerson Company is in the business of manufacturing valves‚ pumps and flow controllers. The company has been experiencing profit losses due to price reductions as a result of heavy competition in the pump category‚ which is considered a commodity product. In the valves category‚ Wilkerson seems to be a market leader with a loyal customer base. The valve business is less competitive‚ with no price reductions‚ and therefore the company has maintained its gross margin target while not compromising
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needed to break even. Based on the existing sales mix and production units given (Valves 7‚500‚ Pumps 12‚500 and Flow Controllers 4‚000)‚ the break-even prices in dollars (BEP$) are shown as below: Therefore‚ based on the data above‚ if the company cut its prices to just cover short-term variable costs‚ the company’s total sales would fall by 4.05%‚ from $2‚152‚500 to $2‚065‚387‚ which would also result in 4.05% drop in the selling price of each unit of products‚ total variable costs at $699
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Claims Denial Management Solutions claims denial management and related analytics solutions are showing big opportunities for hospital revenue cycle gains. When it comes to improving the hospital revenue cycle‚ one bright area with emerging technology solutions is claims denial management with related analytics reporting. Two recent studies show how these solutions are helping to greatly improve cash flow and collection results‚ as the industry transitions to new goals and policies being set by
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1. What part of the brain or nervous system it is associated with? Transient ischemic attack occurs in the nervous system. The term “Ischemia” refers to the heart‚ and is translated to “not quite enough blood”. A transient ischemic attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the brain stops for a short amount of time. It clots the blood in the heart‚ causing a mini-stroke. It can cause weakness in the arm or a partial loss of vision‚ but the problem lasts less than 24 hours. People who get TIA’s
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