The Role of the Citric Acid Cycle The Citric Acid Cycle is a series of enzyme-catalysed reactions that take place in the mitochondrial matrix of all aerobic organisms. It involves the oxidation of the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to two molecules of carbon dioxide. Each cycle produces one molecule of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation‚ and reduces three molecules of NAD and one molecule of FAD for use in Oxidative Phosphorylation. The cycle is preceded by Glycolysis‚ which also occurs in anaerobic
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Conclusion Both Kool Aid and Gatorade contain buffers. For the buffer in Kool Aid‚ pKa1 ≈ 3.70‚ pKa2 ≈ 4.90‚ pKa3 ≈ 6.50 and for the buffer in Gatorade‚ pKa1 ≈ 4.50‚ pKa2 ≈ 5.40‚ pKa3 ≈ 6.70. Discussion of Theory A buffer capacity is the maximum amount of hyrdrogen or hydroxide ion that can be added to a buffered solution before a significant change in the pH occurs. Increasing the concentration of the buffer can increase the buffer capacity of a solution. At the half equivalence point‚ the moles
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Describe the role of the citric acid cycle as a central metabolic mechanism. Explain what happens to the cells’ abilities to oxidize acetyl CoA when intermediates of the cycle are drained off for amino acid biosynthesis. Glucose is a source of energy that is metabolized into glycolysis to pyruvate yielding ATP. To become more efficient‚ pyruvate must be oxidized into carbon dioxide and water. This combustion of carbon dioxide and water to generate ATP is called cellular respiration (Tymoczko‚
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Kool-Aid Plus with Centrum Kool-Aid has been a drink of choice for kids for the past two decades. It is known for a tasty‚ cool‚ and refreshing taste for many generations of children and their parents. Kool-Aid has been able to identify their target market and market towards the specific needs of these families. Kool-Aid has always been very affordable however‚ not the most healthiest of choices. The environment of marketing towards families today has swayed towards being more health conscious
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The history of Kool-Aid Long‚ long ago there was a place that nobody wanted to go to. There was no population and nothing there. There was no specific reason no one wanted to go‚ it was just the name for the place that made it sound inferior. It was called the “Great American Desert”. I meen that is a terrible name‚ especially back in the olden days. Nobody would want to live in a place where it is always hot and air conditioning was invented. Also‚ there is supposedly no water. “The Great American
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Effects of Citric Acid on the Viscoelasticity of Cornstarch Pastes MADOKA HIRASHIMA‚ RHEO TAKAHASHI‚ AND KATSUYOSHI NISHINARI* Department of Food and Human Health Sciences‚ Graduate School of Human Life Science‚ Osaka City University‚ Sumiyoshi‚ Osaka 558-8585‚ Japan The effects of citric acid on the rheological properties of cornstarch pastes were studied by steady shear and dynamic oscillatory viscoelasticity‚ intrinsic viscosity measurements and microscopic observation. The pH of cornstarch
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Explanation HOW TO COLOR YOUR HAIR WITH KOOL-AID I am going to teach you how to color your hair by using Kool-Aid. Make sure when using Kool-Aid‚ you don’t use the pre-sweetened Kool-Aid‚ for it will make the hair very sticky. First‚ I am going to have you put on gloves to prevent staining. If you don’t want to wear gloves‚ be aware that your skin may stain but that you can still remove the Kool-Aid from it and I will have the directions on how to remove the Kool-Aid from the skin at the end of these
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2015 Titration Lab Title Abstract During this experiment the change in pH of Citric acids is measured from start to equilibrium in mL. This experiment was tested by titration it had two separate trials. Through observations it was shown that the more concentrated acids needed more drops of NaOH to reach its equilibrium then the less concentrated acids. Introduction Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base and when it is titrated with a strong acid the equivalence point will be expected to be
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got to test the chemical properties they saw a better idea of what it could be or not. Then the eighth grade scientist got to test the temperature of the chemical reaction and by that time it was clear what it was. The students think that it is Citric Acid and Baking Soda. They think it is that because when you look at the physical properties of Baking Soda you can see that has clumpy and had some big pieces which would be like the clumps in the Mystery Mixture. Another thing that Baking Soda has
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Investigating the effects of acid rain in the growth of cress seedlings IntroductionAcid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation‚ which is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants‚ animals and buildings. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulphur and nitrogen compounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids. Acid rain can slow the growth of vulnerable forests and cause leaves and needles to turn brown and fall off. In addition‚ it depletes minerals from the
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