a) An omission is failing to act. There is no liability for a failure to act. For example‚ if a person is drowning‚ we are under no legal duty to help him‚ even if we are close enough to do so. However‚ there are exceptions to this. When a person is under a contract to act‚ his failure to do so can mean the defendant is criminally liable. This is shown in R v Pittwood (1902) where the gatekeeper of a train track forgot to close the gate. A car went over and the passengers died. The gatekeeper was
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utility calculation. Two types of utilitarians exist. 1) Act utilitarians‚ who act to maximize total social utility‚ and 2) Rule utilitarians‚ who advocate acting according to rules that are expected to maximize total social utility over time. Act-utilitarians would only advocate voting in circumstances in which the action of voting is likely to make a difference — otherwise‚ why not spend the time it would take for you to vote to
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In 1863‚ seeing the confederates oncoming to the North‚ The Congress decided to recruit more people to the army. Consequently‚ the Conscription Act led to the riots in New York City during 11-16 July 1963 that is known in history as the Draft Week. In fact‚ the uprising was a rebellion of the Irish immigrants against the black inhabitants of New York‚ which finally became one of the most destructive riots in the history of the city. Iver Bernstein‚ the researcher of the draft riots‚ claims: “The
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Besides this governmental change‚ there are also parts of the Patriot Act that are in contrast with the laws that are set in the US Constitution: The fourth amendment of the Constitution clarifies “the right of the people to be secure in their persons‚ houses‚ papers‚ and effects‚ against unreasonable searches and seizures‚ shall not be violated… or things to be seized”‚ while the Patriot Act reverses this right by enabling the government to “search and seize American’s papers and
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The Indian Succession Act The Indian Succession Act was enacted in 1925. The object of the Act was to consolidate the large number of laws which were in existence at that time. Laws governing succession to Muslims and Hindus were excluded from the purview of the Act. While consolidating the law in respect of succession‚ two schemes‚ one relating to succession to property of persons like Indian Christians‚ Jews and persons married under the Special Marriage Act‚ 1954 and the other relating to succession
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The Stamp Act was the document that taxed many of the colonists goods like tea‚ food‚ newspaper‚ etc. The colonists were strongly affected by not being able to buy goods and other items. England had just came out of the Seven Years war and they were in war dept. In order to make back the money that the English lost‚ they passed the Stamp Act which taxed all the colonist’s goods. Across from the Atlantic Ocean the colonists were forced to boycott. Over sea the colonists were furious that the English
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Slave Act of 1793 was an effort to provide a means to enforce the constitutional clause concerning escaped slaves. The act allowed a slave owner to seize an escaped slave‚ present the slave before a federal or local judge‚ and‚ upon proof of ownership‚ receive a certificate authorizing the slave to be retaken. It also established a penalty of 500 dollars for obstructing an owner’s efforts to retake a slave‚ or for rescuing‚ harboring‚ or concealing a fugitive slave. Most Northerners saw the act as providing
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Whether one chooses to view the text by title of The Acts of Paul‚ The Acts of Thecla‚ or The Acts of Paul and Thecla‚ shows how one is likely to view the tale itself. An entirely different perspective can be formed from reading the various versions by different names. For instance‚ when reading The Acts of Paul‚ the story is focused on Paul and his contributions to Christianity. When reading The Acts of Paul and Thecla or simply The Acts of Thecla‚ a new perspective is formed viewed in a feminine
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February 06 Sarbanes-Oxley Act The "Sarbanes-Oxley Act" is a comprehensive corporate reform package that was signed into the US law on July 30‚ 2002. The passage of the Act has been heralded by some as a historic occasioncalling it the most significant accounting legislation since 1933‚ while others have severely criticized the Act either as a "too little too late measure" or as a hasty knee jerk reaction to a temporary situation. Without a doubt‚ the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is the single most important
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The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 On February 12‚ 2012 a federal court ruled that the new graphic warning labels scheduled to be placed on cigarettes packages in September 2012 violate tobacco companies’ first Amendment right. These warning labels were required by The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 which was signed by President Obama on June 22‚ 2009. Rep. henry A. Waxman‚ the author and champion of the Food and Drug Administration-tobacco
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