channels of distribution * Functions; reconcile the needs of producers and consumers‚ improving efficiency‚ improving accessibility and providing specialist services * Consumer Channels; producer direct to consumer‚ producer to retailer to consumer‚ producer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer‚ producer to agent to distributor to wholesaler to retailer to consumer * Industrial Channels; producer to industrial customers‚ producer to agent to industrial customer‚ producer to distributor to industrial
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Distribution channel plays an important part in the supply chain. Distribution channel‚ as defined by Coughlan et al. (2006)‚ is a set of independent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for consumption. It serves as the connecting link between the producer and consumer by adding value to products or services (Kim and Frazier‚ 1996) and multiplies selling opportunities through network of intermediaries. These independent organizations are usually made of
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International organizations are ultimately useless in solving the world’s problems. Discuss. Following the Second World War which saw death and destruction in an unprecedented scale‚ world leaders‚ determined not to let such horrors repeat‚ convened to establish international organizations in hopes of achieving a more peaceful‚ secure and prosperous world for all. 50 years onwards‚ we witness their dreams and ideals embodied in international organizations like the United Nations‚ the World Health
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early distributions Instructions for Form 5329 (2012) http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i5329.pdf Line 2 The additional tax on early distributions does not apply to the distributions described below. Enter on line 2 the amount that can be excluded. In the space provided‚ enter the applicable exception number (01-12). No. Exception 01 Qualified retirement plan distributions (does not apply to IRAs) you receive after separation from service in or after the year you reach age 55 (age 50 for qualified
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number of enterprises pay much more attention on choosing distribution channels. Keegan and Schlegelmich (2001) explained that distribution channel can be considered as the method which is used for enterprises putting products into the market for consumers to use. The traditional distribution channel goes from supplier‚ manufacturer‚ distributor‚ wholesaler and retailer (Frazier‚ 1999). Indirect and direct are two different types of distribution channels (Wilkinson‚ 2001). According to Silva (2008)‚
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Why do they call these contracts derivatives? Where is the optionality in these contracts? Weather derivatives structures commonly used are: i) cap - a call option; ii) Floor - a put option; iii) Collar - a put and a call option‚ usually with little or no premium; iv) Swap - a derivative with a profit and loss profile of a futures contract v) Digital option - an option that pays either a predetermined amount if acertain temperature or degree day level is reached‚ or nothing at all in other
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the difference between Issue and Problem? Some business managers mistakenly use the term “issue” and “problem” interchangeably; however‚ doing so may complicate the daily decision making processes by lumping all issues and problems together and possibly make a bad situation worse. Separating issues from problems helps to prevent smaller issues from becoming problems. This business practice is so important that there is an entire management discipline predictably called‚ “issue management” (IM)
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Agents Of Spoilage 1.Microorganism A microorganism (from the Greek: μικρός‚ mikros‚ "small" and ὀργανισμός‚ organismós‚ "organism") or microbe is a microscopic organism‚ which may be a single cell[1] or multicellular organism. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology‚ a subject that began with Antonie van Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microorganisms in 1675‚ using a microscope of his own design. On 8 November 2013‚ scientists reported the discovery of what may be the earliest signs of life
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competitive advantage over the travel suppliers who once used to be their partners‚ and who are now trying to cut them out of the distribution chain? Some sources predict that the end is in sight for the traditional travel agencies because of the competition with their online rivals. However‚ other sources report that consumers are slowly turning back to high street travel agents seeking a human touch. ABTA (2012) reveal that "consumers value the help of a human being and the reassurance of dealing with
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Forwarders can act as either a Principal or Agent. Describe in your own words the differences between each. Under what circumstances might a Freight Forwarder want to act as either a Principal or Agent? When Freight Forwarders act as principal‚ they assume all responsibility and liability for the pick-up‚ handling‚ transporting and delivery of the shipment as a regular common carrier would. Their name is on the BOL. When a Freight Forwarder acts as an agent‚ their liability ends once they hand over
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