THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM DocPoks Pangan M.D Natural Science • The bones‚ muscles and joints together form an integrated system called the Musculoskeletal System • Myology is the scientific study of muscles • Muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal‚ smooth and cardiac muscles • Orthopedics is the branch of medical science concerned with the prevention or correction of the disorders of the musculoskeletal system ANTERIOR VIEW POSTERIOR VIEW FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCLES • • • • Movement
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differences in the structure and function of the three types of muscle tissue and where they are found in the body: Skeletal – single‚ very long‚ cylindrical‚ multinucleated cells with very obvious striations‚ voluntary via nervous system controls‚ attach to bones for movement‚ slow to fast contractions Cardiac – branching chains of cells‚ uninucleated‚ striated‚ involuntary‚ found only in the heart‚ slow rhythmic contractions Smooth – single‚ fusiform‚ uninucleated‚ no striations‚ involuntary
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The nervous system is always in control of all activities during movement. When a neurotransmitter or message is sent for movement to occur‚ your body releases energy‚ in the form of adenosine triphosphate (A.T.P.). A.T.P causes the contraction or shortening of skeletal muscle. Muscles contract and shorten and as a result of this they are responsible for the movement of the body. In order to have movement the body needs ligaments‚ tendons muscles‚ joints‚ bones and the neurotransmitter or message
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Muscular system is the system of Human Body that provides motor power for all movements of body parts. Muscular system is composed of special tissue called muscular tissue. Muscles have the ability to contract actvely to provide the force for movements of body parts. Muscular system is an important system of human body because without it‚ life will completely stop. Muscles produce not only those movements that are under the control of our will and that we can see and feel‚ but also those movements
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Muscle System Human Biology The human body is covered by muscles‚ made up of more than 650 of them. The purpose of the muscular system is for the body to move‚ maintain posture‚ and produce heat. There are three different types of muscles tissues; cardiac‚ smooth‚ and skeletal. There are also two types of muscles are in the body; voluntary and involuntary. The ones which we can move are the voluntary muscles; the ones which move on their own‚ like the heart‚ are involuntary muscles. When muscles
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Muscle Contraction Tutorial/Review 1. Hydrolysis is the decomposition of a substance by the insertion of water molecules between certain of its bonds. The third phosphate is removed by hydrolysis and free energy is released. ADPneedds to have another phosphate molecule in order to become ATP and this happens through hydrolysis. This ATP can be used in the muscle contraction and relaxation. 2. When one flexes his/her arm‚ the muscle on top is the bicep. The origin of the bicep is at the tubercule
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The Muscular System: Muscle Metabolism 1. List the three roles of ATP in muscle contraction: 1. ________________________________ 2. ________________________________ 3. _________________________________ 2. The potential energy in ATP is released when the terminal high-energy bond is broken by a process called ___________________________. Write the end products of this process: ATP (+ H2O) → _________________ 3. Rebuilding ADP into ATP with a new source of energy is carried out by a process called
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muscle contraction Introduction For a skeletal muscle fiber to contract‚ a stimulus must be applied to it. The stimulus is delivered by a nerve cell‚ or neuron. A neuron has a threadlike process called and axon that my run 91 cm or more to a muscle. A bundle of such fibers from man different neurons composes a nerve. A neuron that stimulates muscle tissue is called a motor neuron. The motor neuron branches into terminal structures called telodendria that come into close approximation with
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There are three phases for muscle cell contraction: initiation of action potential in the sarcolemma‚ excitation-contraction coupling‚ and contraction‚ sliding of the myofilaments. ATP and calcium ions are two essential elements for muscle contraction. When ATP attaches to the myosin head‚ it gets hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. Calcium ions bind to the troponin molecules and help expose the binding sites of actin filaments to allow for the attachment of the myosin heads. After the sliding of the myofilaments
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I. Types of Muscles a. Skeletal i. Striated ii. Uses intracellular calcium to contact iii. Big cylindrical cells iv. Multi-nucleated v. Voluntary vi. Location: attached to the bone vii. Used for locomotion b. Cardiac i. Involuntary ii. Uni-nucleated iii. Striated iv. Location: walls of heart v. Used to propel blood vi. Uses extracellular calcium c. Smooth i. Involuntary ii. Location: Walls of hallow organs iii. Non-striated iv. Uses extracellular calcium v. Spindle shaped cells
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