Overview: Florence Kluckhohn Value Orientations R.S. Zaharna‚ Ed.D. American University In her seminal paper "Dominant and Variant Value Orientations‚" Florence Kluckhohn outlined five basic human problems that were common to all peoples at all times and all places (1953‚ p. 346). The value orientations Kluckhohn identified speak to the assumptions that we make about ourselves and our relationship to the world‚ which in turn‚ guide our actions. Table 1 (found at the END of this piece) provides
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mix)? The concept of time Table 2.1 p. 28 shows time orientations according to o Time economicity o Monochronic versus polychronic use of time o Linearity versus cyclicity of time o Temporal orientations towards the past‚ the present and the future Time economicity: Examples are timetables‚ deadlines. Measurement of parking meter time. Attitudes towards the money value of time has an influence on marketing. Consumer behaviour depends on the time saving effects of products
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New Deal vs. Progressive Era During both the Progressive era and the New Deal era‚ policies as well as programs were being created in an effort to assist the American public‚ specifically those living in poverty. Throughout the early 1900’s Roosevelt had strayed away from the typical laissez-faire policy and decided that the people would need to be guided by the government. “Wilsonian Progressivism” had also aimed at assisting the public with his “New Freedom Program” which consisted of antitrust
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CHAPTER 14 GLOBAL MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS DECISIONS II: SALES PROMOTION‚ PERSONAL SELLING‚ SPECIAL FORMS OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION SUMMARY Sales promotion is any paid‚ short-term communication program that adds tangible value to a product or brand. Consumer sales promotions are targeted at ultimate consumers; trade sales promotions are used in business-to-business marketing. Sampling gives prospective customers a chance to try a product or service at no cost. A coupon is a certificate that
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During the New Deal‚ many government planners and leaders drew inspiration for their policies from Progressive era reforms. New Dealers saw in the early twentieth century Progressive movement an innovative campaign to address the social and economic dislocations which were directly relevant to the crisis of the Great Depression. New Dealers also found in the Progressive movement an example of gradual reform through democratic institutions. In addition‚ the Progressives had insisted upon the need
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Time Orientation Winston Churchill‚ a famous author and politician‚ once said a simple quote I found to be astonishing; Churchill stated “If we open a quarrel between past and present we shall find that we have lost the future.” At one point in life we are almost always focused on one time zone or another either the past‚ the present or the future. I find almost always that these times zones can either be in sync or incompatible. Yes‚ there may be positive aspects to the past‚ the present or the
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Project Report On Integrated Marketing Communications An In-Depth Study SUBMITTED BY SAGAR GALA TYBMS (SEM V)‚ 2008-2009 ROLL NO. 74 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DATE OF SUBMISSION: 31ST OCTOBER‚ 2008 Declaration I Mr. SAGAR GALA of NARSEE MONJEE COLLEGE OF COMMERENCE AND ECONOMICS of TYBMS (Semester V) hereby declare that
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MARKET ORIENTATION – ESSENTIAL FOUNDATION FOR A STRONG MARKETING STRATEGY Electricity Company of Ghana is a limited liability Company wholly owned by the Government of Ghana and operating under the Ministry of Energy (ME). The Company was incorporated under the Companies Code‚ 1963 in February 1997. It began as the Electricity Department on 1st April 1947 and later became the Electricity Division in 1962. It was subsequently converted into the Electricity Corporation of Ghana by NLC Decree
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citizens and the economy‚ as well as in the strength and size of the executive branch and government as a whole. The Progressive and New Deal programs provided a structure for the reformers to implement these changes. Formative ambition was still a major part of government in both the Progressive and New Deal periods. It was also evident in the pre-progressive industrial era‚ when the sole mission of organizations like the Knights of Labor was to create a cooperative community of virtuous citizens.
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severity effect. Journal of Adult Development‚ 11 (October)‚ 289–295. Afifi‚ W. A. (2007). Nonverbal communication. In B. B. Whaley & W. Samter (Eds.)‚ Explaining communication: Contemporary theories and exemplars (pp. 39–60). Mahwah‚ NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Albada‚ K. F. (2002). Interaction appearance theory: Changing perceptions of physical attractiveness through social interaction. Communication Theory‚ 12 (February)‚ 8–40. Albas‚ D. C.‚ McCluskey‚ K. W.‚ & Albas‚ C. A. (1976‚ December). Perception
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