Objective: The benefit of this lab was to acquaint oneself with the fundamentals of the Aldol Condensation reaction by demonstrating the synthesis of dibenzalacetone (trans‚ trans-1‚5-Diphenyl-1‚4-pentadien-3-one) through the aldol condensation of acetone with benzaldehyde. The synthesis began by using a strong base to generate the acetone enolate ion. The ketone/enol tautomerization is an equilibrium process that produces little of the enol (ppm or less). However‚ any enol that formed quickly reacted
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LU 1 - Tutorial 1. Write the formulas for the following compounds: Compound Copper (II) chloride Iron(II) sulphate Sodium sulphate Ammonium nitrate Sodium nitrite Potassium sulphate Magnesium phosphate Formula Compound Lithium acetate Manganese (IV) nitrate Potassium permanganate Iron (III) oxide Potassium sulphite Potassium hydrogen carbonate Sodium iodate Formula 2. Express the following numbers in scientific notation: a) 0.000000027 b) 356 c) 47 764 d) 0.096 3. Express the following numbers
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Boron Element Facts Amorphous Boron in sample-tube. (Photo by Tomihahndorf) 5B10.81 Data Zone Classification: | Boron is a metalloid | Color: | black | Atomic weight: | 10.81 | State: | solid | Melting point: | 2075 oC‚ 2348 K | Boiling point: | 3727 oC ‚ 4000 K | Electrons: | 5 | Protons: | 5 | Neutrons in most abundant isotope: | 6 | Electron shells: | 2‚3 | Electron configuration: | 1s2 2s2 2p1 | Density @ 20oC: | 2.34 g/cm3 | Show more‚ including: Heats‚ Energies
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Isomers: compounds with the same molecular formula‚ but different atom connectivity. C2H6O Two different compounds with different physical & chemical properties: Ethyl alcohol (ethanol): B.P. 78.5 oC (liquid) M.P. –117.3 oC Reacts with alkaline metals. Dimethyl ether: -24.9 oC (gas!) -138 oC Does not How many isomers can you draw for: C4H10O C4H8O 3. Chemical Bonds Ionic: forms by a complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another to form ions (cation and anion)
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Radiation Dry Moist Ionizing Non Ionizing Incineration Pasteurization X Ray‚ Cathode‚ Gamma UV Dry Oven Boiling Water/Hot Water Sterilization Disinfection Flaming Autoclaving DRY HEAT :Incineration Temp: 879-980 oC This is an excellent method of destroying materials such as contaminated cloth‚ animal carcasses and pathological materials. INCINERATION DRY HEAT: Dry Oven Sterilisation By Dry Heat: • Kills by oxidation effects •The oven utilizes dry
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Causes of Childhood Obesity Obesity is a superfluous amount of fat in the body. Obesity happens when a person’s body receives many more calories than it can burn by itself during the day. In other words it means that people eat generous helpings of processed food; moreover‚ this food can consist of a lot of cholesterol‚ which is extremely dangerous for the human body. Childhood obesity today has grown rapidly and has become a disturbing epidemic in many countries in the past few decades. Studies
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Preliminary Biology Assessment task 2013 A Local Ecosystem Mangrove Swamp Cassandra Mandelik Introduction: A mangrove is a tree‚ shrub‚ palm or ground fern‚ generally exceeding the height of one and a half metres. They normally grow above mean (average) sea level in intertidal zones of marine coastal environments as well as estuarine margins. A mangrove also refers to the tidal habitat comprising of such trees and shrubs. Australian mangrove systems are highly effecting by human presence
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not the clear crystal is indeed‚ aluminum potassium sulfate (alum). The results are shown to support the literature value of the melting point of alum. The average experimental value of the melting point of aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) is 91.2 oC‚ approximately 1.8% error. In procedure #2‚ the ratio between alum and water is determined by dehydrating the water molecules from the AlK(SO4)2.12H2O. The experimental value of the ratio between alum and water is approx 10.4:12‚ so 10:12‚ approximately
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6. POLYMERS and elastomers Lecture no. 1 Objectives: Definition‚ Functionality‚ Classification of high polymers – based on origin‚ molecular structure. 6.1.1. DEFINITION: The word polymer is derived from the two greek words‚ poly and meros‚ meaning many and parts or units respectively. Polymers are macro molecules formed by linking smaller molecules repeatedly‚ called monomers. Examples: Polythene is formed by linking a large number of ethene (or ethylene) molecules together
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Unit 5 Notes Chapter 41 Diuretics Drugs that increase urinary output Two major applications Treatment of hypertension Mobilization of edematous fluid to prevent renal failure Introduction to Diuretics Figure 41-1 How diuretics work – mechanism of action Blockade of sodium and chloride reabsorption Site of action Proximal tubule produces greatest diuresis Adverse effects Hypovolemia Acid-base imbalance Electrolyte imbalances Figure 41-2 Classification of diuretics Four major categories
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