I. Title of the Study: PENSION SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES II. ABSTRACT Traditionally‚ pension systems aim to fulfill a number of functions which include income security and consumption smoothing in old age‚ as well as income redistribution. The main rationale for pension reform lies in the interaction between current demographic trends (e.g. increasing old age dependency ratios) and the design of existing pension systems (particularly‚ the so called Pay-As-You-Go public systems). Under certain
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Response. Differentiation: Steel is such a product that not much product innovation can be done. Cost Leadership: Chaparral Steel is already a cost leader in the market with its limited range of products. But if it needs to expand itself in terms of capacity‚ it needs to come up with a new product line and that too at a low cost. Chaparral needs to continue its strategy of low cost leadership with addition of new product lines to tap the market potential for larger steel products. The only competitor
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A pension fund shall be a pool of assets‚ established under a contract and not having legal personality‚ owned jointly by several persons in a partial ownership and the ownership shares represented by units in the pension fund. Each unit shall represent the ownership of a proportional part of the assets held in the pension fund structure. The pension fund shall be managed by a management company according to a pension fund contract with the unit-holders‚ with the objective to increase the
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Kenya’s Pension Fund Industry amounts to approximately KShs 200 billion reference‚ or the equivalent of 23% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). These funds are currently operated by statutory contributions under National Social Security Fund (“NSSF”)‚ sponsor-led schemes and individual Retirement Benefit Schemes reference. | These pension funds are established by employers to facilitate and organize the investment of employees’ retirement funds contributed by both the employers and the employees
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PENSION FUNDS A pension plan fund is established for the eventual payment of retirement benefits. A plan sponsor is the entity that establishes the pension plan. A plan sponsor can be: • A private business entity on behalf of its employees‚ called a corporate plan or private plan. • A federal‚ state‚ and local government on behalf of its employees‚ called a public plan. • A union on behalf of its called a Taft-Hartley plan. • An individual‚ called an individually sponsored plan. Two
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INTRODUCTION OF PERSONAL ACCOUNTS‚ THE PRINCIPAL LEGISLATIVE CHANGE WAS THE REFORM OF STATE PENSIONS The reforms being introduced by the Pensions Act 2007 and the Pensions Bill recently presented to parliament represent the biggest transformation in UK pension provision since 1988‚ at the very least‚ and possibly since 1978. The new Act addresses both the increasing cost and the declining value of state pensions. It also prepares the ground for the introduction of personal accounts by the current Bill
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Mrs. Julia Steel is a patient I have had the pleasure of meeting with recently. As discussed during the appointment‚ Mrs. Steel is a 72 year old retired‚ married woman. Collectively‚ Mrs. Steel’s family history includes the following information: one son at the age of 40 who is being treated for high blood pressure‚ father’s record showed background of heart disease and deceased at the age of 90 due to a brain aneurysm‚ mother’s record provided extensive history with heart disease and deceased
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CONCEPT PAPER ON DISABILITY PENSION State measures which intend to address needs of 15% of its citizens who have disabilities include the PWD Card (for 20% discounts on medicines‚ medical services‚ etc.) and Disability Pensions from the Government Insurance Service System (GSIS). However‚ these are largely limited and ineffective because the discounts can only be availed of by non-poor PWDs (who are the only ones who can afford to buy medicine‚ go to the hospital‚ or eat in a restaurant in the
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I. The Mittal Steel began in the early 1970’s as a small‚ family owned company‚ based in India. However‚ due to a range of restrictive government regulations and tough competitiveness from SAIL (a state-owned firm) and Tata Steel (large privately owned firm)‚ Mittal Steel believed that the best projection of growth of the company would transpire outside of India. In 1975‚ Mittal Steel began expanding across national borders by creating and building a steel making plant in Indonesia.
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that pension reforms from pay-as-you-go to fully funded systems spur the development of stock markets through a corporate governance channel‚ i.e. pension funds become large shareholders of publicly traded firms and therefore have the incentives to monitor managers and improve investor protections. This paper reviews the literature on the corporate governance channel associated with pension reforms in developing countries‚ and asks what we know and need to know about it. We know that pension funds
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