Theory X‚ Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. In his book‚ The Human Side of Enterprise‚ he outlined a new role for managers. He stated that managers should assist subordinates in reaching their full potential‚ rather than commanding and controlling. Theory X is negative and Theory Y can
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Multiple Sclerosis. She was blind and paralyzed for years before she passed away. She was truly an inspiration to me and other people. Her faith was strong and she lifted everyone up due to her positive attitude and faith. "Life span developmental theory defines development as a process of adapting to the constant flux of influences in our lives" (Broderick & Blewitt‚ 2015‚ p. 481). During the middle adulthood part of my life‚ I continued to adapt through growth‚ maintenance‚ and regulation of loss
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INTRODUCTION In the universe of textbooks on Mass Communication theories‚ Stanley J. Baran’s and Dennis K. Davis’‚ Mass Communication Theory: Foundations‚ Ferment and Future stands out. A 456-page compendium on Communication theories‚ the book is down-to-earth‚ dishing and distilling various Mass Communication/media theories that were propounded by communication/media scholars and practitioners over time. The book is a communication theory Bible of a sort‚ which has endeared it to a wide spectrum of
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Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Theory Biography: Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel‚ Switzerland on August 9‚ 1986 to Arthur Piaget and Rebecca Jackson. At a young age‚ he displayed great fascination for Biology‚ his intellectual love. Jean Piaget‚ at the age of 10 published his first article‚ which described the albino sparrow he observed. Between the ages of 15 and 18‚ he published several more articles and most of them are mollusks. Jean Piaget was especially
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homogeneity across cultures. The theory of relative face orientation We have discussed that Brown and Levinson’s (1987) face-saving politeness theory has been undermined for its inability to be applied universally. In surveying recent studies in cross-cultural communication‚ Mao (1994) mentions Janney and Arndt (1993)‚ who characterise it as idealistic‚ culturally biased‚ and lacking objective empirical evidence for the evaluation of their politeness universals. Instead of a theory centered on universals
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world‚ people often paint the Enlightenment as an era where reason finally triumphed over blind faith and antiquated viewpoints. However‚ not every view espoused by the Enlightenment thinkers furthered humanist ideals like universal equality and personal liberty. While the writers of the time did make massive strides toward theorizing a more just society‚ half of the population was entirely excluded: women. Not only did the Enlightenment thinkers fail to support increased rights of women‚ they reframed
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Personality psychology is the focus of some of the best known psychology theories by a number of famous thinkers including Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. In this section of the personality study guide‚ learn more about some of the major theories of personality and the psychologists who developed them. Biological Theories Biological approaches suggest that genetics are responsible for personality. Research on heritability suggests that there is a link between genetics and personality traits. One
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Validity Define Construct Validity and Explain and Illustrate three ways in which a researcher can determine whether a new psychological tests has construct validity. In addition briefly explain what is meant if a test is biased in terms of construct validity. Construct Validity • • • • • • • • • Construct Validity: extent to which a measure measures theoretical construct or trait Developmental changes: ▪ when tests should show change with age ▪ age differentiation
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Discuss the concept of adolescence as a social construct and its validity for different cultures. Adolescence describes the transitional stage in a teenager’s life‚ from childhood to adulthood‚ where an individual evolves physically‚ psychologically‚ emotionally‚ cognitively and socially. It is a defined social category that is expressed through immaturity and unpredictability and allows an individual to learn and discover their sense of self and identity. The idea of adolescence came into perspective
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Compare and contrast the aims and methods of Trait Theory with those of Personal Construct Theory. What makes the world and the people in it so interesting is that everybody is different and they possess their own personalities that are unique to each individual. It has been particularly interesting for psychologists to study and understand the differences between people‚ hence the great amount of research and work that has been conducted in relation to individual difference. In particular‚ the
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