Theories: unifying explanations of the natural world Proximate questions: deal with mechanisms. Don’t always need evolutionary explanations Ultimate questions: concerned with evolutionary origins and functions Induction: inference of general law from observations Hypothesis: possible explanation for observation Carolus Linnaeus: binomial nomenclature Nomenclature: system of rules for naming things Taxonomy: naming and classifying organisms Systematics: theory and practice of classifying organisms
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Outline for Life History Section 1: Introduction to Life Histories Name the ways that a population can increase its overall growth rate. 1) Reduction in age at first reproduction 2) Increase number of progeny at each reproductive event 3) Increase number of reproductive events (and longevity!) 4) Increase in birth rate (b) 5) Decrease in death rate (d) 6) Decrease in generation time (T) 7) Increase in net reproductive rates (R0) What is the connection between age
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Ecology Biology Notes GCE Study Buddy Ecology ● Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms‚ and between organisms and the physical and chemical factors making up their external environment ● Ecologists study both the non-living (abiotic) or physical environment‚ and the living (biotic) environment. Physical environment ● Amount of light ○ Light intensity affects the distribution and growth of both plants and animals ● Amount of water ○ Xerophytes are plants which can
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Human Population Human Population As we look around us‚ we can actually see how things are becoming over crowded. Lines at the store‚ driving on the highways and how schools classrooms are getting bigger. This is all due to the human population intensifying. We add about a million and half people to our world population every week! What effects is this having on our environment? Is it hurting our water systems and changing our climates? What can we do as a society to help or change
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species 3. Fit of form and function Evolutionary Ecology relation between ecological processes and adaptive evolution. Examples of ecological processes are predation‚ competition‚ disease‚ mutualism‚ etc. Adaptation: Fitness – per capita growth rate of species‚ gene‚ a phenotypic strategy ‚ it is a rate Guiding bedrock Principles: 1. Population of all organism can grow exponentially under ideal conditions: a. 1st Law of Ecology: “everything is connected to everything else”; Ecosystems
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The theory of Ecology‚ meaning disorganized neighborhoods‚ is the theory that best explains the causes of crime. Ecological criminology was the first social criminology. This developed during the 1920s at the Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago. Ecology is the study of relationships between an organism and the environment it lives in‚ and this type of theory explains crime by the disorganized eco areas where people live instead of the kind of people who live there. The major factors
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Population I. INTRODUCTION A population is all the organisms of the same group or species who live in the same geographical area and are capable of interbreeding. In ecology the population of a certain species in a certain area is estimated using the Lincoln Index. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals from other areas. Normally breeding is substantially
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Darwin & Wallace’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. Assignment # 3: Summarize the Reznick et al. 1990 article in 100 words or less. Reznick DA‚ Bryga H‚ Endler JA. 1990. Experimentally induced life-history evolution in a natural population. Nature 346: 357-359. SUMMARY. Reznick et al. show that size-selective predation by predators dinfluences the evolution of life history characters in guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Observation revealed that guppies in cichlid (Crenicichla
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NameVersilis Tyson Per Chapter 52 Reading Quiz 1. _True True/False Ecology is the study of both living and nonliving factors. 2. List three abiotic factors. _ 3. Fill in the blanks for the levels of ecological organization: → population → community → _ 4. _ 5. _ habitats. 6. _ → biosphere True/False Warm air rises‚ and cool air sinks. List one type (there are three we talked about!) of disturbance in ecological True/False When an ecologist studies a organism‚ they could
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Virtual Ecology Lab: Invasive Species Worksheet Learning Goal: To learn how an invasive species can affect an ecosystem. Prerequisite Knowledge: Before beginning this lab‚ you should be familiar with these concepts: the definition of invasive species the types of interactions that occur between different species in an ecosystem Introduction: Ecosystems are webs of intricately balanced interactions. But what happens when a new species is introduced that uses a disproportionate share of the ecosystem’s
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