The effect of increasing substrate concentration on rate of an enzyme reaction. Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower a reactions activation energy making possible many of the reactions needed for life to exist. Enzymes have a high specificity which have been explained by many theories such as Fischer’s lock and key. Currently the most widely accepted theory is the induced fit hypothesis proposed by Koshland in 1958. This hypothesis solves some of the problems with the Lock and key theory
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How Enzyme Concentration can Affect Rate of Reaction The purpose of this investigation was to see how the concentration of an enzyme affected the rate at which a substance was broken down. We did this by using a white protein called casein. Casein is found in milk powder‚ it is a protein and used mainly as a binding agent in foods‚ because it is mad to proteins and joins to a phosphoric acid it belong to a group called the phophoproteins. In terms of in milk it is said to be healthier if it is
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volume of a standard solution. The volumetric flask has a low error. | Top pan balance | I needed to accurately weigh out small amounts of solid when making up my solutions. | 25 cm3 Mohr pipette | I used the pipette to accurately transfer sulfuric acid when making up solutions. I could not do this with a volumetric pipette‚ as the volume I transferred was 20 cm3. | Distilled water | I used the distilled water to wash out any glassware and storage jars before using them to avoid contamination. |
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ACIDS AND BASES The reason that acid-base reactions are so important is that many of the things you come into contact with on a daily basis are either acids or bases. Most fruits are acids‚ as are carbonated beverages‚ tea‚ and battery acid. Common household bases include baking soda‚ ammonia‚ soap‚ and antacids. What are acids and bases? There are not one but three common definitions used to describe acids and bases: 1. Arrhenius acids and bases 2. Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases 3. Lewis acids
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The relationship between shape and diffusion rate Aim- To investigate the relationship between the shape of an object and the time taken for a substance to diffuse to its centre. Hypotheses- Part A) The 5x5x2.5mm block will turn clear first as the Surface area to volume ratio is high and the 10x10x10mm block will take the longest to completely diffuse the Acid to its centre. Part B) The flat‚ rectangular block will be the first to completely turn clear due to its high Surface Area/Volume Ratio
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PUTTING IT TOGETHER: Classifying Chemical Reactions Purpose: To observe and differentiate between the four different types of chemical reactions. Variables: The independent variables are the sodium chloride‚ sodium carbonate‚ magnesium‚copper‚ copper (11) sulfate‚ silver nitrate‚ oxygen‚ lead(11) nitrate‚ sodium carbonate‚ copper (11) sulfate pentahydrate. The dependent variables are the chemical reactions that are being looked for. For example decomposition‚ synthesis‚ single displacement or double
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hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)‚ chlorthalidone and others. Diuretics or calcium channel blockers may work better for African-Americans and older people than do angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors alone. Beta blockers are another type of medication; they reduce the workload on your heart and open your blood vessels‚ causing your heart to beat slower and with less force. Beta blockers include: acebutolol (Sectral)‚
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dew‚ or dry particles. • more accurate term is "acid precipitation." • defined as any type of precipitation with a pH that is unusually low The Causes: • occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere‚ undergo chemical transformations and are absorbed by water droplets in clouds • then fall to earth as rain‚ snow‚ mist‚ dry dust‚ hail‚ or sleet. • Dissolved carbon dioxide dissociates to form weak carbonic acid giving a pH of approximately 5.6 at typical atmospheric
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before and after I have added calcium chloride‚ I will gradually increase the amount of calcium chloride by 1 gram to see if there is a significant change. When Calcium Chloride is mixed with water it performs an exothermic reaction which makes new bonds between the salt (Calcium Chloride) and the water. This will therefore make the solution of the reaction increase in temperature. Exothermic reactions transfer energy to the surroundings. Endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings
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Why Is Calcium Chloride Powder Used Extensively As A Bleaching Agent? In simple terms‚ calcium chloride is an inorganic compound having chemical formula CaCl2 (H2O)x where x can be 0‚1‚2‚4 and 6. All the salts produced by calcium chloride powder has a unique characteristic that they are highly soluble in water. This helps in applications where you need to remove snow‚ ice‚ or frost from any surface or even simple dust removal. It can absorb moisture from the surrounding environment‚ which is also
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