supplied food acid is citric acid (triprotic) or tartaric acid (diprotic acid) Materials 4 x 100mL conical flasks 50mL burette rubber bulb 1 x 200mL beaker white tile retort stand 20mL volumetric pipette volumetric flask stopper 300mL distilled water marker 40mL 0.3M food acid burette clamp 0.1M sodium hydroxide magnetic flea magnetic stirrer glass funnel 1 x 200mL volumetric flask phenolphthalein 4 x 50mL beakers Method Part A: Making the food acid Place distilled
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Introduction In a Grignard reaction‚ a Grignard reagent (R–MgX) adds to the carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone to form an alcohol (Figure 1). The reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde can be to synthesize a primary alcohol‚ with any other aldehyde can be used to synthesize a secondary alcohol‚ while the reaction with ketone is useful in the synthesis of a tertiary alcohol. Figure 1. General reaction mechanism of a Grignard Reaction The preparation of the Grignard reagent involves
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Acid Rain Introduction: Titrations are often recorded on graphs called titration curves‚ which generally contain the volume of the titrant as the independent variable and the pH of the solution as the dependent variable (because it changes depending on the composition of the two solutions). The equivalence point on the graph is where all of the starting solution (usually an acid) has been neutralized by the titrant (usually a base). One can easily find the pKa of the monoprotic acid by finding
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this lab). This help us view the study of Law of Conservation of Mass‚ when either side of equation is equally balanced. The calculation for formula mass helps determine if you need to convert grams to a particular substance to moles‚ from a product. Moles are numbers that are in front of formulae. E.g.‚ 6NaCl‚ 6 is the equation for this formula. A mole would help you balance a skeleton equation‚ and also allows you to calculate how many moles are needed to take part in a chemical reaction. In the
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Lloyd Term 2‚ 2014 Lauric Acid Experiment Teacher: Mr Oliver Contents 1.0 Introduction Elements and the compounds can exist in distinctive physical states. Liquid‚ solid‚ gas and plasma. Every element and compound has a distinctive melting and boiling point. When a substance reaches its melting and boiling point it will change phase. For example the molecules in a solid being heated gain energy and eventually are able to not only vibrate but
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Acids‚ Bases‚ and Buffers Introduction: The pH scale is used to determine how acidic or basic a solution is‚ ranging from 1-14. The most acidic of all acids are at a pH level of 1 and the most basic of all bases are at 14. The neutral pH level is 7‚ which is what drinking water is. The pH level is determined by the amount of H+ ions present in a solution‚ and the more H+ ions there are the more acidic it is‚ and the lack of these ions results in more basic solutions. One distinguishing feature
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The experiment did not contain any form of reaction mechanism since no chemical identity had been changed. The lab demonstrates the use of chemical molecular behavior to isolate a particular set of molecules. Caffeine had already existed in the leaf itself but needed to be separated from the other chemicals. Caffeine’s chemical structure is relatively similar to the nucleic acid purine in that they use nitrogen and is bicyclic but lacks an alkene‚ amine and an amide. Caffeine has a solubility of
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Calculations CALCULATION IN ORDER TO FIND THE PERCENTAGE OF VITAMIN C Chemical reaction: C6H8O6 + I2→ 2I + C6H6O6 Ascorbic Acid: C6H8O6 Relative formula mass of C6H8O6= (12.01076) + (1.007948) + (15.99946)= 176.12412 g/mol Convert Iodine lost from mL to dm-3 = Iodine lost in mL1000= Iodine lost in dm-3 Convert Iodine lost (dm-3) to moles (n) by multiplying it with the concentration of Iodine used: n=0.005 Iodine lost in dm-3= mol of C6H8O6 Find the mass (g) of C6H8O6 in 50 mL by using this
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Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid Lab Chemistry 1 Abstract The straw should be cut shorter to 8 cm in order to make the solid ring appear in the center of the straw. We achieved our goal‚ cutting the straw caused the gases to not have to go as far‚ and meet in the middle. Background The particles in a gas are very loose and tend to move around a lot very quickly. The particles in a solid are very compact and vibrate but don’t really move very much. The particles in a liquid however are more
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a process called titration which‚ according to the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia‚ is when you add a chemicals to a liquid in order to create a reaction which can determine the content of a substance inside the liquid. This is how you will find the Vitamin C content of different juices. Iodine will be added to the juice‚ which will create a reaction that can help determine the Vitamin C content. To start‚ pour 30 milliliters (mL) of Lugol’s solution into a 500 mL graduated cylinder. Add enough
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