happening channel path)‚ which simplifies the interface design. Unlike AHB concept is not an afterthought but is the central focus of the protocol design. In AXI3 all connections are bursts of lengths between 1 and 16. The addition of byte allow signals for the data bus supports unaligned memory accesses and store merging. The communication between master and slave is transaction-oriented‚ where each contract consists of address‚ data‚ and reply transfers on their corresponding channels. Apart starting
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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The Brain -recap * The brain receives signals from inside and outside the body. * It keeps the basic‚ body functions such as heart beat rate‚ breathing rate and temperature control ticking over‚ without us having to think about it. * It also allows us to decide to do things like running and walking and many more complex tasks. It is where our personalities and moods and emotions come from. * The brain of a human being makes up about one-fiftieth of
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Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters are chemicals made by neurons and used by them to transmit signals to the other neurons or non-neuronal cells (e.g.‚ skeletal muscle; myocardium‚ pineal glandular cells) that they innervate. The neurotransmitters produce their effects by being released into synapses when their neuron of origin fires (i.e.‚ becomes depolarized) and then attaching to receptors in the membrane of the post-synaptic cells. This causes changes in the fluxes of particular ions across
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are pulled and they tend to return to their original shape after contracting or extending them. Muscle contractions occur when our nervous system sends a signal via the neuromuscular junctions the signal arrives at the end bulb‚ the vesicles release acetylcholine and diffuse across the neuromuscular cleft. The transmitter molecules fill receptor sites in the membrane of the muscle and increase the membrane permeability to sodium. The sodium then diffuses into the membrane and the membrane potential
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patients have been managed with trastuzumab-based treatments. However‚ the biologic reason for this is not fully understood. Currently‚ there are three hypotheses that explain this. Firstly‚ the basic biologic role of the HER-2 receptors is considered. Excess HER-2 receptors over-activate the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathway‚ leading to an inhibition of apoptosis and depression of regulatory proteins of the cell cycle respectively. Coupled with other survivalpromoting factors such as the secretion of basement
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nervous system operation * Perception starts with an environmental stimulus acting on a stimulus receptor. Understanding it turns it into electricity. Via transduction the information is transmitted to the brain where it is processed. Processing leads to perception where recognition comes into play. * Perception is a three step process: * Stimulus (environmental‚ attended‚ receptors) electricity (transduction‚ transmissions‚ processing) experience and action (perception‚ recognition
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Mitochondria are a key organelle responsible for aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells. The majority of the energy that eukaryotes rely on is obtained through the use of mitochondria‚ thus emphasizing the importance of these dynamic organelles. Due to the importance in respiration mitochondria are found in high abundance in oxidative tissues such as heart‚ kidney‚ and the brain1‚2 3. Inner mitochondrial membrane plays host to a collection of enzyme complexes termed the electron transport chain
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Monocyte Which phagocytizes more pathogens? Neutrophil or Macrophage Which cell is not found in healthy tissue? Neutrophil or Macrophage 7. A phagocyte recognizes and binds to molecules found on pathogens using special membrane receptors‚ such as the mannose receptor and the Toll-like (TLR)
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of recent events g. Short term effects xviii. Memory loss xix. Hard to retain information h. Long term effects xx. Memory loss xxi. Learning ability C. Coordination i. Cannabinoid receptors xxii. Neurons in the brain xxiii. Balance xxiv. Movement j. Cerebellum xxv. Governs coordination xxvi. Muscle control xxvii. Impairing of coordination k. Nervous system
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6/7/2011 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy: The study of structures The Human Body: An Orientation • Subdivisions: – Gross or macroscopic anatomy (ex: regional‚ systemic anatomy) – Microscopic (ex: cytology‚ histology) – Developmental (ex: embryology) CH 1 1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology 2 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology • Essential tools for the study of anatomy: – Mastery of anatomical terminology – Observation – Manipulation – Palpation –
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