Human Physiology – Spring 2013 Chapter 12 Study Questions 1. Group 1 should become experts on the structure of a sarcomere. 2. Group 2 should become experts on the sliding filament theory. 3. Group 3 should become experts on the contractile cycle of skeletal muscle. 4. Group 4 should become experts on excitation-contraction coupling. 5. Group 5 should become experts on summation and tetanus. 6. Group 6 should become experts on smooth muscle contraction. 7. What are
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an NMDA receptor on the post-synaptic cell (Lynch‚ 2004). If the post-synaptic cell is sufficiently depolarized at this time‚ a magnesium ion will be expelled from the channel‚ allowing for an influx of calcium ions. In this way‚ NMDA activation functions as a coincidence detector‚ indicating simultaneous activity by the pre- and post-synaptic cell. The calcium flow caused by this process triggers cellular processes that enhance the signaling strength between the two cells: added receptors‚ larger
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What is psychology? The scientific study of behaviour and the physiological and mental processes that underlie such behaviour. A profession that applies the findings of psychological research to real world problems Wilhelm Wundt First psychology lab in 1879 Main focus was on consciousness Many students established research labs in North America and Germany. G. Stanley Hall Student of Wundt for a brief time Growth of psychology in North America Structuralism Edward TitchenerTo identify
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occurring in the digestive and urinary systems at this time? (8 points) In his autonomic nervous system‚ the sympathetic division was the most active before and during the race because it is what prepares your body for extra somatic activity. It activated as he was preparing for the race because he was becoming more stressed and nervous. It started in the sympathetic center located in his hypothalamus‚ and from there led multiple places causing his symptoms. His increased heart rate started when the
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larger precursosr protein. b. cleave a large precursor polyprotein (protein gp160) c. binding and fusion of HIV into target cell takes place by interaction with 2 membrane glycoproteins (GP) i. gp120- binding ii. gp41- fusion iii. major cellular receptor is CD4- TH cells are the prime targets. 3) What are tat‚ rev‚ protease‚ integrase and reverse transcriptase and what is the function of each? Are all of these brought (premade) by the virus when it infects the cell or are some made after the cell
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obesity and cachexia as well as in the regulation of growth processes is the subject of ongoing discussions. A large quantity of information based on clinical trials and experimental studies with ghrelin and previously available synthetic ghrelin receptor agonists (GH secretagogues) must now be integrated with a rapidly increasing amount of data on the central regulation of metabolism and appetite. In this overview‚ we summarize recent findings and strategies on the integration of ghrelin into neuroendocrine
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times try to use their missing limbs without or even feel sensations in said limbs. The reason behind this is probably due to the fact that although the limb is missing the nerves in the nervous system that send signals to the limb are not and there fore there may be a mixing of signals in the brain and spinal cord. Phantom Limbs is one of the most interesting way in which people experience sensation differently. Another way in which different people experience these sensations differently is through
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Arielle Fisher GFP Lab November 16‚ 2011 Figure 1 A. B. C. D. Figure 1. Confocal images at 400x magnification of HeLa cells to locate GFP activity. HeLa cells were (A) tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) (B) labeled with GFP and 14.13 µl Dexamethasone (C) tagged with GFP fused to the glucocorticoid binding
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a much faster immune reaction. Trigger phagocytes to the site. Doesn’t recognize cells. T Cells-group of white blood cells that play a role in Cell-mediated response. Mature in the thymus. Two types: 1) Helper T Cell(CD4+)-Regulate and send signals to other types of immune cells‚ including CD8 killer cells. Initiate and orchestrate immune response 2) Killer T Cell(CD8+)-destroy virally infected cells and tumor cells. They can recognize a specific antigen. Memory T Cells-located in lymph
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neurotransmitter. Why would the closure of a potassium channel in the presynaptic axon terminal change the amount of Ca2︎ entering and change the amount of neurotransmitter released? Serotonin(5-HT) receptor on the sensory axon terminals is a G-protein-coupled metabotropic receptor. Stimulation of this receptor leads to the production of intracellular second messengers‚ cAMP‚ which activates protein kinase A. This enzyme phosphorylates various proteins‚ among which a potassium channel. Since potassium
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