3401 Audit and Professional Ethics │LECTURE 1│ Concepts of Auditing Learning Objectives After the lecture‚ students should be able to: describe the nature‚ purpose and scope of an audit; describe various basic principles and concepts of auditing and explain their importance in the actual audit procedures; and describe the professional framework within which auditors must operate. 1. Accounting vs. Auditing Accounting - the process of recording‚ classifying‚ summarizing and communicating
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reason for the change of auditors. 74Review of working papers related to opening balances and the consistency of application of accounting principles. 7‚79 Study relationships among financial and nonfinancial data to identify areas that may represent higher risks. 32Evaluate difficult- to- audit transactions or balances 20Complex calculations 28Difficult accounting issues. 78Significant judgment by management. 90Valuations that vary significantly based on economic factors. TYPES OF
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E -11 DM 5 DL 4 VMO 3 FMO = 180‚000/50‚000 = 3.6 Total = 15.6 15.6 * 5‚000 (50‚000-45000) = 78‚000 E-12 DM 5 DL 4 VMO 3 Cost per unit = 12 $ EIV = 12 * 5000 = 60‚000 E-13 Difference 3.6 * 5000 = 18‚000 And 78‚000 – 60‚000 = 18‚000 E-14 CGS sold = 45000(sold) * 15.60 = 702‚000 E15 12 * 45000 = 540‚000 E16 Sales = 30 * 45‚000 = 1‚350‚000 CGS 702‚000 CM 648‚000 Less S & admin. 160‚000 Net income 488‚000 E17 Sales =
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Auditing is a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested users (Boynton & Johnson‚ 2006). In auditing there are many attributes that describes the auditor’s work. Elements of the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards are followed by auditors. The Generally Accepted Auditing Standards
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Exercise 2-2 | | |Product |Period Cost | | | |(Inventoriable) Cost | | |1. |Depreciation on salespersons’ cars | |X | |2.
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Introduction The purpose of this report is to discuss principles of and similarities and differences between financial and management accounting and to highlight how management accounting could be used to improve TVD’s performance. In particular‚ one of the management accounting techniques‚ benchmarking‚ is used as an example of how MA can help a business to run successfully. Today‚ accounting is an important aspect of business. The primary idea is to present financial and non-financial information
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“Accounting did not cause the recent corporate scandals‚ unreliable financial statements were the results of management decisions‚ fraudulent or otherwise”. (Lin & Wu‚ 2006‚ para. 5) Waste Management‚ HealthSouth‚ Enron‚ Satyam and Madoff are just a few names that come to my mind when I think of fraudulent accounting. Disguised loans‚ inflated income‚ improper accounting and misstated earnings‚ different words all describing the same thing‚ FRAUD. Fraud affects the company‚ the consumers
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2/c Tyler Hames Managerial Accounting Case: A4-61 PROBLEM STATEMENT: Axis Systems specializes in servers for work-group‚ e-commerce and ERP applications. The company’s original job costing system has two direct cost categories: direct materials and direct labor. Overhead is allocated to jobs at the single rate of $22 per direct labor hour. The CFO recently spear headed the allocation issue of jobs and came up with an ABC system to compare to the traditional accounting system. Axis System has
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OF AUDITING The word ‘Audit’ is originated from the Latin word ’Audire’ which means ’to hear’. In the earlier days‚ whenever there is suspected fraud in a business organization‚ the owner of the business would appoint a person to check the accounts and hear the explanations given by the person responsible for keeping the account and funds. In those days‚ the audit is done to find out whether the payments and receipt are properly accounted or not. The objective of modern day accounting is
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Definitions (2) 1. An examination and verification of a company’s financial and accounting records and supporting documents by a professional‚ such as a Certified Public Accountant. 2. An audit is an IRS examination of an individual or corporation’s tax return‚ to verify its accuracy. There are three types of audits: correspondence audits (the IRS mails a request for additional information)‚ office audits (an interview is conducted at a local IRS office)‚ and field audits (an interview is conducted
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