history: Received 1 May 2009 Received in revised form 1 March 2010 Accepted 1 April 2010 Available online 21 May 2010 Keywords: Cross-cultural research Cross-cultural marketing Cultural dimensions Literature review Content analysis a b s t r a c t A content analysis of 99 articles focuses on the comparative cross-cultural marketing research in 14 leading marketing and business journals from 1990 to 2008. The content analysis indicates strong growth in crosscultural studies‚ especially
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Could philosophy radically transform an artist’s worldview and subsequently their art? This is the case as Li Po’s later works prioritize Taoist principles such as removal from the material world. Li Po’s change in thematic emphasis coincides with his banishment from court and formal conversion to Taoism. (Holman and Snyder) Taoists played a unique role in society as they were‚ “honored by emperors and members of the nobility‚ they were scorned‚ as a rule‚ by literati-officials and treated with a
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Contracts – MacDougall 2010-2011 Sara Li FORMATION Offer & Acceptance Offer & Invitation to Treat Mere puffs Invitation to Treat Offer Mere puff: no reasonable person would take it as an offer Can the terms of the K (ie offer) only come from one party? * Battle of the forms - last shot/first blow? (Denning in Butler Machine Tool v Ex-Cell-O Corp) * Strict offer & acceptance is reaffirmed in Gibson v Manchester City Council [1979] - only extreme cases might not
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In William Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venise there were a lot of important scenes. But the ‘Trial scene’ was perceived to be the most important scene in the play. The playwright uses this scene to convey a number of key ideas such as Jews vs Christians‚ Mercy vs Justice and Appearance vs Reality. In addition the ‘Trial scene’ exposes the personalities of main characters. Furthermore‚ this scene is the highlight of the play and provides an excellent climax to the play which the audiences would enjoy
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Intermediaries such as Li & Fung need to be paid. Why‚ after paying Li & Fung a fee‚ buyers and suppliers still find it valuable to deal through an intermediary? In other words‚ why don’t they trade directly? Li & Fung provides an interface between multiple buyers and suppliers by linking larger retailers in the developed world to a network of suppliers and factories throughout Asia. Buyers still find it valuable to deal through an intermediary because the experience and connection of Li & Fung in Asia
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Li & Fung (A): Internet Issues What has been the historic strength and strategy of Li and Fung? 100 years of history Publicly traded family company Both William & Victor educated at HBS Victor earned Ph.D. & taught there for 4 years 1972 Returned to Hong Kong to modernize company management Hong Kong Based Trading Company – by 2000 69% sales USA 27% sales Europe Major retailers (the Limited‚ Gymboree‚ American Eagle‚ etc) Global sourcing network Holistic Supply Chain Management
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Introduction Li and Fung‚ a Chinese company founded in 1906 has been experiencing high growth rates due to a series of acquisitions and the offer of a wide range of services in the whole elements of the supply chain (from raw material till finished goods). Recently the question its managers have to deal is how to face the challenges posed by the internet‚ more specifically‚ its lifung.com (after was renamed studiodirect.com) internet site. This company was an extension of its brick and mortar operations
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How does Li & Fung make the supply chain more responsive? Li & Fung manages about 7500 suppliers in more than 26 countries but does not run any of the factories because that would be a humungous task to manage such a large workforce. But working with these factories the company takes anywhere from 30% to 70% of their production so that Li & Fung is their largest customer. Li & Fung is customer focused company where they focus an entire division on serving one customer or has a smaller
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Management BITS Pilani Department of Management BITS Pilani | Li Ning- Anything is possible | Case study analysis report | | | 1/24/2013 | | Submitted To: Dr. R. Raghunathan Department of Management BITS‚ Pilani Submitted To: Dr. R. Raghunathan Department of Management BITS‚ Pilani Submitted By: Name: MANJU ID: 2012H149239P Submitted By: Name: MANJU ID: 2012H149239P INTRODUCTION Li Ning established in 1990 was one of the leading sporting goods company
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Li Ning – Anything is possible Since its foundation in 1990‚ Li Ning‚ a leading sporting goods company in the China‚ has been experimenting a high speedy development that became company in the dominant domestic sport brand. Part of this success has been possible due to company’s strategy‚ which is based in extensive retailing‚ franchised stores‚ concessions and sponsorship to many sport teams. However‚ during the Asian financial crisis in 1997‚ company decided to reorganize its operations and
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