1. INTRODUCTION Equity is defined by a complex mathematical formula‚ but in practice it is described as relationship‘s fairness between people in one society. Equity theory is social justice theory‚ designed by Adams in 1963. It claims that individuals review the inputs and outcomes of themselves and others‚ and in situations of inequity‚ experience greater cognitive dissonance than individuals in equitable situations. This kind of equity is perceived as social justice in society (or company
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Brand extension & brand stretching The two options for doing this are usually called “brand extension” and “brand stretching”. Brand extension Brand extension is a strategy in which a firm launches a new or modified product with a well-developed image by using the established brand name in a same broad market. Organizations use this strategy to increase and leverage brand equity (definition: the net worth and long-term sustainability just from the renowned name). An example of a brand extension is Jello-gelatin
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1 The statement by Henry Kravis that private equity was in its “golden era” might sound like hubris to the unacquainted observer but may actually not be far off from the reality given the growth of private equity funds under management since the advent of large-scale leveraged buy-outs (LBOs) in the 1980s. Henry Kravis as a principal partner in Kohlberg‚ Kravis & Roberts (KKR) pioneered LBOs in the late 1970s and KKR has been a major private equity firm since having reportedly invested in over 160
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wrong. It is one of the equitable maxims that ’Equity looks to the intention and not the form’ which stands that it is fair to look at the intention rather than the fact they got the formalities wrong. This maxim was shown in the case of Berry v Berry (1929) where a deed was held to have been altered by a simple contract which is not possible in common law. However‚ equity decided that it is allowed with the presence of intention. The flexibility of equity had provided much more fairness and justice
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at 5:01 p.m. on 4 August‚ and 20% from an assignment submitted at 5:01 p.m. on 5 August. Assignment Questions You must answer all questions of both parts. Part I - England In Modern Equity‚ 19th Ed.‚ Jill E Martin discusses two continuing controversies in connection with the history of equity. First‚ on pages 18-19‚ she writes of
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Valuation of equity Example based on dividend discount model : Vardhman limited’s earnings and dividends have been growing at a rate of 18% per annum. This growth rate is expected to continue for 4 years. After that the growth rate will fall to 12 % for the next 4 years. Thereafter‚ the growth rate is expected to be 6 % forever. If the last dividend per share was RS. 2.00 And the investor’s required rate of return on verdhman’s equity is 15% what is the intrinsic value per share? Step 1: the
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Equity Theory of Motivation The equity theory of motivation is used to describe the relationship between the employees perception of how fairly is he being treated and how hard he is motivated to work Motivation is the activation of an energized goal-oriented behavior. Everyone takes up a job as they are motivated by some factor or the other. Some are motivated by the challenge they will face in carrying out their job‚ some are motivated by the level of fame they may earn‚ others and
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Ch. 18: Shareholders’ Equity What is Shareholders’ Equity? Accounts that represent the ownership interests of shareholders. Shareholders’ Equity = Assets - Liabilities Amount left over after creditor claims have been satisfied (like homeowners equity) Shareholders’ Equity appears two places within the financial statements: 1.) Shareholder’s Equity section of the balance sheet Example 1: Abbreviated Balance Sheet – The Gap‚ Inc. THE GAP‚ INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
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Return on equity or return on capital is the ratio of net income of a business during a year to its stockholders’ equity during that year. It is a measure of profitability of stockholders’ investments. It shows net income as percentage of shareholder equity. Formula The formula to calculate return on equity is: ROE = Annual Net Income Average Stockholders’ Equity Net income is the after tax income whereas average shareholders’ equity is calculated by dividing the sum of shareholders’
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Maxims and Equity Equity in its broadest sense means fairness. Within the legal system it’s known to be a body of law that looks at all concerns which fall separate from the jurisdiction of common law. It allows courts to use their discretion and apply justice in accordance with “natural law”. Dictionary.com’s definition of maxim is “an expression of a general truth or principle‚ a principle or rule of conduct”. Maxims of equity can be described as an established principle of fairness. They
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