Progressive Taxation Saj October 23‚ 2012 The Common Sense Party supports a light progressive taxation tax plan which gives low income and middle class earners a chance to save more money to spend on their bills and necessities. We believe that higher income individual earners have more money to spend on bills and necessities with a larger sum left over for savings than a low income earner or a middle class earner. However we do not believe in overtaxing high income earners to the point
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Indian Railways. This also creates impact on the Indian Economy. This article deals with how Indian Railways impact the Economy of India or the impact of Indian Railways on the Indian economy. India is a land of diverse culture as well as religion. In different parts of India‚ one can find totally different tradition and cultural variations. To promote national integration and concentrate the cultural diversity‚ the Indian Railways plays a vital role that also fulfills the transportation needs of the
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Introduction Double taxation arises when an individual or business acquiring income in a foreign country is required to pay taxes on that income in both the foreign country as well as the country of origin. For example‚ an American company operating in a developing country‚ in the absence of a tax treaty between the two countries may have to pay a withholding tax to the government of the developing country‚ as well as corporation tax to the United States government (Howard‚ 2001‚ p. 259). The
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Taxation in India The Indian Tax Structure is quite elaborate‚ with clear distinction in authority between Central‚ State and local governments. The taxes levied by the Central government are on income (other than tax on agriculture income which would be levied by the state government)‚ customs duties‚ central excise and service tax. The State government levies Value Added Tax (VAT)‚ sales tax in states where VAT is not applied‚ stamp duty‚ state excise‚ land revenue and tax on professions. Local
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ECONOMIC REFORMERS Low Tax Generation And Pakistan’s Economy Group Members Haider Waseem Anwar Eamaan Azhar Arain Warda Zahid Adiya Farooq Muneeb Abbas introduction Pakistan is currently facing critical tax revenue generation issues. The low tax to GDP ratio has been a major problem that affects the overall economy of Pakistan. The current tax to GDP ratio is under 10 % according to the latest FBR report (Where developing countries have a tax to GDP ratio of around 20 %‚ and developed
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01. INTRODUCTION What is a small business? A small business refers to a designation for firms of a certain small size which fall below certain criteria (that varies from country to country) in terms of annual turnover‚ number of employees‚ total value of assets‚ and other factors which may be used. Small businesses are common in many countries‚ depending on the economic system in operation. Typical examples include: convenience stores‚ other small shops (such as a bakery or delicatessen)‚ hairdressers
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THE NIGERIAN BANKING SECTOR AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN RECENT TIMES JOYCE AKPATA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CHARCTERISTICS OF THE NIGERIAN BANKING SECTOR 2.1. Size 2.2. Supervision and Regulation 2.3. Corporate Governance 3. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NIGERIAN BANKING INDUSTRY 4. GLOBAL INFLUENCES ON THE NIGERIAN BANKING SECTOR 4.1. Global Recession 4.2. ICT and electronic banking 4.3. Globalisation 4.3. The perceived role of IMF/ World Bank 5. THE EFFECT OF THE BANKING
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Rudiment Principles in The Theory of Tax Dr. Jack Itzhak Barsheshet‚ Ph.D. Table of Contents Chapter One – Introduction 1. Preface 4 2. Jurisdiction to impose Tax 6 The Social Treaty and the Origin of Taxing 6 Historical Development 7 The Purpose of Tax 8 "Normative Tax Structure" and "Tax Expenditures" 8 Taxing and Justice 10 Distribution of Tax Burden 13 Does tax breaches Fundamental Rights? 16 Chapter Two – Postulates 3. Terms 20
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“Marketing‘s role is to ensure the continuance in growth of economies and the individual’s standard of living” ( M.J.Baker‚ 1985). According to the statement given by M.J.Baker‚ Marketing plays a vital role in the economic growth of the country periodically and sustain individuals standard of living. Marketing Definition “Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating‚ offering‚ and exchanging products of value with others”
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Presumptive Taxation A presumptive or imputed tax is generally a proxy for the standard tax. It is applied when the tax base is too small or hard to verify‚ due to limited administrative resources‚ or improper accounting practices. According to a definition by Ahmed and Stern (1991)‚ “The term presumptive taxation covers a number of procedures under which the ‘desired’ base for taxation (direct or indirect) is not itself measured‚ but is inferred from some simple indicators which are more easily
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