~~~FIRST CRUSADE - After the Normans had settled in France and conquered England‚ both France and England‚ and also the Holy Roman Empire‚ were stronger than they had been since the time of Charlemagne. Their kings and queensbegan to think‚ as he had‚ of reconquering the whole Mediterranean and recreating the Roman Empire. In particular‚ they wanted to take Jerusalem‚ the city ofJesus Christ‚ away from the Islamic Fatimids who were ruling it. In 1095 AD Pope Urban made a great speech at Clermont
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Thomas F. Madden defines the crusade as a “war against the Muslims for the defence of the Christian faith and people.” Although‚ the Christians were successful in the First Crusade in establishing the Kingdom of Jerusalem‚ as Jonathan Riley argues this was particularly because the crusaders faced little opposition from the Muslims. Consequently‚ with the rise of the emir of Mousl and Alepp‚ Imad ad-Din Zengi‚ who called for a jihad against the crusaders resulted in the fall of Edessa in 1144 and
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The Second Crusade: Discord between the Crusader states Tyler Rathke HIS 111-601 After the end of the first Crusade‚ three Crusader States were created in the East. The three Crusader states were the Kingdom of Jerusalem‚ the Principality of Antioch‚ and the county of Edessa and after the first three Crusader states were developed‚ a fourth was added called the County of Tripoli. The social‚ political‚ and economic factors throughout the Crusader States led to the cause of the second
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Assess the reasons for the failure of the second crusade (1147-1149) In 1147‚ the Pope called for the second crusade‚ fully 200 thousand men answered his call. By 1149 the crusade beat a hasty and disgraced retreat. Just 1 year after being called it had failed. The failure happed straight after the disastrous siege of Damascus. The causes of the failure of the second crusade‚ are debated wildly by historians‚ such as Jonathan Riley Smith‚ Steven Runciman and Hans Mayer. Many Historians agree
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Battle of Tours – 0732 The Battle of Tours‚ also known as the “Battle of Poitiers‚” was fought between the Frankish leader Charles Martel and the Islamic Leader Emir Abd er Rahman. It was was fought in 0732 near the cities of Poitiers and Tours (North-Central France).1 The Battle of Tours was viewed as the focal point in which ceased the spread of the Islamic religion‚ all across Northern Europe.2 With the victory from Martel‚ this event stopped the Islamic conquests as well as preserved Christianity
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The crusades were holy wars fought by Christians in Europe and Muslims in the Middle East between 1096 and 1270. Generally‚ military campaigns against the Middle East trying to recover holy lands. The Crusades were often controlled by the Pope who had the power to unite all the Catholic nations against a common enemy. Europeans were willing to fight not only for Jerusalem but many reasons. They believed it would give them forgiveness of sins‚ a chance to travel and make money‚ defend the Byzantine
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essential for setting the stage for the Renaissance. In 1095‚ Pope Urban II launched what he called a “holy war.” This war‚ issued to regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims‚ occurred from 1095 to 1099 and became known as the First Crusade. The Second Crusade began in 1144 with hopes of recapturing the City of Edessa‚ and it ended in 1149 without having accomplished what it
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territorial expansion and subjugation to the tenants of the Islam faith. The first two Crusades were‚ without a doubt‚ the most important of them all. “The era of the Crusades is one of the most important in the history of Western civilization. When it began‚ western Europe was only just emerging from the long period of barbarian invasions that we call the Dark Ages” (Jordan 133). These Crusades were the first time in western civilization that regardless of social status clergy‚ nobles
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Crusades After the Dark Ages‚ most of Europe was still in recovery from that time in history. The Christians and the Muslims started to develop religious conflicts over who could have access to the Holy Land located in Jerusalem. The Muslims cut off access from the Christians‚ which is what started the series of religious wars we know today as the first‚ second and third Crusades or: The Crusades. Pope Urban II declared the first crusade‚ The Christian plan was to go to
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The Crusades Starting in 1095‚ the Crusades were a series of religious wars carried out by Christians who wanted to secure the Holy Land of Jerusalem. In total‚ there were approximately seven or eight Crusades‚ some condensed into one Crusade. Through the Christian’s efforts‚ the Crusades were unsuccessful‚ and they were unable to secure the Holy Land. As a result of a mass murder of Christians in Jerusalem‚ the Crusades erupted. • First Crusade- Ordered by the pope essentially as revenge for
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