to appr aise the usefulness of the tax system in Nigeria‚ usin g Value Added Tax system as a r efer en ce point. The significance of this stud y i s that it will enable th e government officials‚ r esear cher s an d econ omic analysts to appr aise an y type of tax‚ with th e aid of the par ameters used in this stud y. The stud y used th e ability to gener ate revenue and the ability to in fluence th e consumption pattern s as th e measur ement par ameter s and found that VAT has been effective
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IMPACT OF TAX REFORMS SINCE 1991 Tax reform since 1991 was initiated as a part of the structural reform process‚ following the economic crisis of 1991. Direct Tax Reforms: 1. As per the recommendations of the TRC the personal tax brackets were only three‚ of 20‚ 30‚ and 40% starting in 1992–93. Financial assets were excluded from the wealth tax‚ and the maximum marginal rate was reduced to 1%. 2. Further reductions came in 1997–98‚ when the three rates were brought down further to 10‚ 20‚
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Growth This paper investigates the design of tax structures to promote economic growth. It suggests a “tax and growth” ranking of taxes‚ confirming results from earlier literature but providing a more detailed disaggregation of taxes. Corporate taxes are found to be most harmful for growth‚ followed by personal income taxes‚ and then consumption taxes. Recurrent taxes on immovable property appear to have the least impact. A revenue neutral growth-oriented tax reform would‚ therefore‚ be to shift part
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material income-producing factor. Partnership assets consist of land (basis 90‚000)‚ accounts receivable (basis $40‚000) and cash of $200‚000. SJ distributes$100‚000 of the cash to Susan in liquidation of her interest. Susan’s basis in the partnership interest was $90‚000 immediately before the distribution. The land is encumbered by a $20‚000 mortgage that the partnership assumes. How much gain or loss does Susan recognize and what is its character? Susan recognizes $25‚000 of ordinary income and a
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Conduct Tax Audit – Part 1 Analysis of Certain Clauses Audit under Section 44AB of the Income Tax Act By Raman Jokhakar‚ Chartered Accountant Objective To understand the purposes of this Form To learn nuances of the clauses To understand audit risk To effectively carry out attestation To document adequately To disclose standard notes‚ limitations and stands To know inter links between clauses To be aware of important stands taken by Courts To understand the objective of the tax department
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Edinburgh Napier University/SCOPE of City U Hong Kong Taxation LECTURE 1: Salaries tax and salaries tax planning‚ Double taxation arrangement with Mainland China Outline |Salaries tax | |- |Scope of charge‚ format and presentation of salaries tax | |- |Locality of employment
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Direct Tax Code (DTC) 1 1‚2 Dept. of FMS‚ Gurukul Kangri University‚ Haridwar‚ UK‚ India tax regime as it is based on well accepted principles of taxation and best international practices. It will eventually pave the way for a single unified taxpayer reporting system. The Philosophy behind such replacement is to make the Direct Taxes Code very easy and simple so that tax payers themselves can‚ without help of experts compute and file Income Tax Returns. In planning and framing an ideal Income Tax Structure
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Religion: A Trivial Conundrum Religion in fiction‚ much like religion in politics‚ has grown to be considered taboo. Religious characters are often expected to be comedic and used only as experimental or secondary. Their only true attribute is that of piety‚ playing on old stereotypes to drive the characterization. In a world where being politically correct gets in the way of day-to-day talk‚ approaching controversial topics in any form of writing can be seen as potentially unprofitable
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REVIEW OF SOME EFFECTS OF NIGERIAN CORPORATE TAX REGIME ON INVESTMENT PROMOTION BY: Y.S.UTHMAN 1.1 INTRODUCTION: Neither the Companies Income Tax Act nor any Nigerian Tax Law provides for the definition of the term tax or corporate tax. In an Australian case of Mathews v. Chicory Marketing Board‚ a tax has been defined as “a compulsory exaction of money by a public authority for public purposes‚ or taxation is raising money for the purpose of government by means of contributions from individual
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Evaluating a Tax Structure Adam Smith -canons of taxation Equality Convenience Certainty Economy III. Tax Structure Tax base: Tax rates: Incidence of tax: Examples: Income $10 $20 $30 $3 (30%) $6 (30%) $9 (30%) $3 (30%) $7 (35%) $12 (40%) IV. Major Types of Taxes Property Taxes Transaction Taxes Death Taxes Gift Taxes Income Taxes Employment Taxes Other U.S. Taxes V. Formula for Federal Income Tax on Individuals Figure 1.2 VI. Corporate Income
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