Introduction The topic I have chosen to write this report on is dry ice (also known as liquid nitrogen). This topic has quite an interest to me in a sense that I am curious about the dry ice as a whole. I have seen it being used but always thought about the manufacturing behind it. I am hopeful in finding out information such as what exactly dry ice is‚ how the dry ice is made/formed‚ what it has use for‚ and who was behind the making or discovery of dry ice. Some questions that I would like
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Separation and Purification of Organic Compounds Sunshine Marie Introduction Each year‚ many thousands of new or unknown organic compounds are prepared or extracted from natural sources such as plants‚ fungi and animals. In order to identify an unknown organic compound or the components of a mixture of organic compounds‚ it is necessary firstly to separate and purify the compounds. At any given temperature‚ a certain number of molecules of a substance in the liquid state have sufficient energy
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In this lab‚ we were able to determine measuring the pH of liquids work. We were able to compare the liquids based on their pH level and determine which liquid was acidic or basic. Our results showed that if something came out to be seven or less‚ according to the pH scale‚ it means that an acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions. Because of this‚ when an acid is dissolved in water‚ the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is shifted. Now there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide
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2:05 P.M. Purpose: The purpose of the experiment is to measure the densities of liquids. Specifically‚ the two liquids that were used and measured in the research were deionized water (H2O) and alcohol (C2H5OH). Methods: Density is an intensive quantity that cannot be visually identified. Therefore‚ the most straightforward approach to this problem was to record the measurements of mass and volume. For volume of each liquid‚ the instruments used were a 50ml burette‚ a 50ml graduated cylinder and a 10ml
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13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IV) ALKYNES SYNOPSIS Alkynes are commonly known as acetylenes. Acetylene is the simplest and important member of the alkyne series. • Alkynes contain – C ≡ C – • General molecular formula of alkynes is CnH2n–2 • Triple bonded carbons are ‘sp’ hybridized and greater s – character is associated with it. • Alkynes will exhibit chain‚ position and functional isomerism. • Their functional isomers are alkadienes and cyclo alkenes. • The minimum number of carbons required to exhibit
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Organic Chemistry‚ Fourth Edition Janice Gorzynski Smith University of Hawai’i Chapter 1 Lecture Outline Prepared by Layne A. Morsch The University of Illinois - Springfield Copyright © 2014 The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Bonding • Bonding is the joining of two atoms in a stable arrangement. • Through bonding‚ atoms attain a complete outer shell of valence electrons (stable noble gas configuration). • Atoms can form either ionic or covalent
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flavors‚ molecules‚ caffeine‚ etc. are extracted from the coffee beans. In this experiment‚ a solution was extracted containing a known amount of benzoic acid in water with methylene chloride‚ an organic solvent. The amount of leftover acid was determined through the titration of the aqueous‚ not the organic‚ solution with basic NaOH. This allowed the student to calculate and determine the Kd value of both multiple and single extractions. The efficiencies of both single and multiple extractions were
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|Chapter 5: | |Structure and Preparation of Alkenes. | |Elimination Reactions | Summary Alkenes contain the C=C functional group which can be prepared by 1‚2-elimination reactions such as: • dehydration of alcohols (- H2O) or • dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (- HX). Zaitsev’s rule indicates that the preferred product is the more highly substituted
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Sources of Organic Fertilizers and Amendment Abstract: Fertilizer is one of the most important things for agriculture & crop production. But here we go to discuss about the sources of organic fertilizers. Here we try to inform about different types of organic fertilizer and sources. We also like to discuss here about different structures and functions of organic fertilizer and soil amendment. We show a guide line; by that our farmer can improve production system through organic fertilizers.
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comman structure based on legitimate authority‚ or routinization of job duties (Burns &Stalker 1961)(Weber 1947). Informality play a role in organizations in which degree of innovation‚ interpersonal cohesion and role flexibility are expected. Organic organizations are defined relative to a set of structural arrangements: low degree of formalization‚ significant lacteal communication‚ decentralization of decision making. The importance of organizations in modern economy and development of new
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