making the rotary drilling system work is the ability to circulate a fluid continuously down through the drill pipe‚ out through the bit nozzles and back to the surface. The drilling fluid can be air‚ foam (a combination of air and liquid or a liquid. Liquid drilling fluids are commonly called drilling mud. All drilling fluids‚ especially drilling mud‚ can have a wide range of chemical and physical properties. These properties are specifically designed for drilling conditions and the special
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7.3 Flow Rate and Viscosity (pg 153) Q1. If the flow rate in a pipe is 2 L/s‚ what does that tell you about how fast the water is moving. A1. It tells me that the water is moving fast through the pipe at 2 litres per second. If there were 60 seconds you would have 120 litres. Q2. When you tip a bottle of syrup upside down‚ it takes a longtime for all the syrup to pour out. Explain this using the terms “viscosity‚” “cohesion‚” and “adhesion.” A2. Syrup takes a long time to empty
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Basics of Fluid Mechanics Genick Bar–Meir‚ Ph. D. 2729 West Jarvis Ave Chicago‚ IL 60645-1335 email:barmeir at gmail.com Copyright © 2010‚ 2009‚ 2008‚ 2007‚ and 2006 by Genick Bar-Meir See the file copying.fdl or copyright.tex for copying conditions. Version (0.2.4 March 2‚ 2010) ‘We are like dwarfs sitting on the shoulders of giants” from The Metalogicon by John in 1159 CONTENTS Nomenclature GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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To provide heat to dry products Why is it necessary to atomise fuel? Even though fuel oil is classified as a flammable liquid‚ most fuels will not burn easily in a liquid state. If you were to drop a lit match in a container of fuel oil‚ it would PROBABLY go out almost immediately (don’t try this!). In order for fuel oil to burn‚ it must first be transformed from a liquid to a vaporised state ~ atomised. Atomisation increases the exposure of the fuel to the oxygen in the air; this promotes combustion
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2003 AspenTech. All Rights Reserved. EA1031.31.05 05 Oil Characterization.pdf 2 Oil Characterization Workshop The petroleum characterization method in HYSYS converts laboratory analyses of condensates‚ crude oils‚ petroleum cuts‚ and coal-tar liquids into a series of discrete hypothetical components. These petroleum hypo components provide the basis for the property package to predict the remaining thermodynamic and transport properties necessary for fluid modeling. HYSYS produces a complete set
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Motion in a Viscous Medium Aim The aim of this experiment is to measure the terminal velocity of spherical beads falling under gravity in a liquid determine‚ and hence determine its viscosity using Stoke’s law. Introduction When a stationary solid object is complete or partially immersed in a fluid‚ it experiences an upthrust or buoyant force. According to Archimedes’ principle‚ this buoyant force B is given by where ρ is the density of the fluid‚ Vs is the immersed volume of the
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particles from a liquid by gravity settling. This field may be divided into the functional operations of thickening‚ whose purpose is to increase the concentration of suspended solids in a feed stream; and clarification whose purpose is to remove a relatively small quantity of suspended particles and produce a clear effluent. Classification of Settleable Solids There are different factors to be consider in choosing the type of sedimentation to be used‚ some of it are particle size‚ viscosity‚ solid and
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gravity 4. Boiling point 5. Freezing point 6. Refractive index 7. Electrical conductivity 8. Specific gravity 9. Co-efficient of thermal expansion 10. Thermal conductivity 11. Viscosity 12. Surface tension 13. Germicidal properly III. Chemical Properties 1. Acidity 2. PH 3. Buffering action 4. Oxidation -reduction potential IV. Conclusion Preface Milk cooperatives
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opaque look‚ with an orange colour. HNO3 description: The nitric acid solution was a transparent‚ colourless‚ homogenous liquid. Notes and observations on the reaction: Final: Blue solution- homogenous‚ transparent‚ low viscosity‚ liquid gas generated‚ heat is released‚ liquid changes colour- releases nitric oxide‚ copper ionised- dissolved in liquid‚ exothermic reaction- generation of heat to the external environment‚ no energy was provided- energy was taken in the form of heat
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conductivity and thermal diffusivity. When considering the heating or cooling of foods‚ some other physical properties must be considered because of their intrinsic relationship with the ‘‘pure’’ thermal properties mentioned‚ such as density and viscosity. Therefore‚ a group of thermal and related properties‚ known as thermophysical properties‚ provide a powerful tool for design and prediction of heat transfer operation during handling‚ processing‚ canning‚ and distribution of foods (Fig. 4.1).
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