their uses Exploration milestone-an overview. INTRODUCTION: By definition petroleum is a generic name for hydrocarbons‚ including crude oil‚ natural gas liquids‚ natural gas and their products. Petroleum comes from the Latin petra meaning rock or stone & oleum meaning oil. Petroleum occurs in the earth in combination of any of the four states: gas‚ liquid‚ semisolid‚ and solid. Chemically‚ petroleum is a mixture of carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen (called hydrocarbons) with minor amounts of nitrogen‚ oxygen
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.....4 Cleanliness and Safety ....................................................................................................6 Experiment 1 Density and Surface Tension.....................................................7 Experiment 2 Viscosity.........................................................................................9 Experiment 3 Center of Pressure on a Submerged Plane Surface.............10 Experiment 4 Measurement of Differential Pressure..........................
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water molecule from the joining of two amino acid groups‚ a peptide bond forms. For the experiment performed in lab‚ amino acids and peptide bonds found in protein were investigated in different food substances‚ it was assumed that liquid foods with a higher viscosity would contain proteins.
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Phase Change Modeling in FLUENT FLUENT can be used to solve uid ow problems involving phase change taking place at one temperature e.g.‚ in pure metals or over a range of temperature e.g.‚ in binary alloys . Instead of explicitly tracking the liquid-solid front as the phase change occurs‚ which requires a moving mesh methodology‚ an enthalpy-porosity formulation is used where the ow and enthalpy equations are solved with extra source terms on the xed grid. Marangoni shear‚ due to the variation
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flow of liquid through a system of pipes. For example‚ one very elementary law in fluid mechanics is that the flow rate of a liquid through a pipe is directly proportional to the difference between the pressures at the two ends of the pipe (the pressure gradient) and inversely proportional to the pipe’s resistance (a measure of the degree to which the pipe hinders or resists the flow of the liquid): Flow pressure gradient/resistance P/R This basic law applies to blood flow as well. The “liquid” is blood
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ANGEL‚ PHIL AUSTIN D. ALBURO‚ HERRY ABAPO‚ JERICO ALONTO‚ ALBERTO ABSTRACT This study aims to use used cooking oil as shoe polish rather than just throwing it away (which can cause drainage clogging). Calamansi juice is also added to add more viscosity to the product. This study also promotes natural and organic products. INTRODUCTION Oil is one of the basic needs in our home. Yet‚ it is very expensive nowadays. Now‚ as a student researcher‚ I want to conduct an experiment on how to use used
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5. Combustion of liquid fuels 5.1 Atomization of fuel Liquid fuels such as gasoline‚ diesel‚ fuel oil light‚ fuel oil heavy or kerosene have to be atomized and well mixed with the combustion air before burned. Therefor nozzles are used. Nozzles are divided into two groups: Pressure atomizers and twin-fluid atomizers. 5.1.1 Pressure atomizers Pressure atomizers are differed into turbulence nozzles and liquid sheet nozzles. At both types of nozzles the energy from the liquid pressure is converted
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product and the vapor is condensed and discarded. Agitated thin film evaporators‚ wiped film evaporators‚ are designed to spread a thin layer or film of liquid on one side of a metallic surface‚ with heat supplied to the other side. The unique feature of this equipment is not the thin film itself‚ falling and rising-film evaporators use thin liquid layers‚ but rather the mechanical agitator device for producing and agitating the film (APV‚ 2000). Conventional heat transfer equipment may not be well
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pressure drop • Cleaning requirements (i.e.‚ do you need‚ and does the unit offer‚ Clean-in-place capabilities?) • Desired measurement units (such as volume‚ velocity or mass) • Uni-directional or bi-directional measurement • Fluid viscosity limitations • Necessary approvals for use in hazardous areas‚ sanitary applications and so on (examples include Factory Mutual‚ Canadian Standards Assn.‚ 3-A Standards and Accepted Practices‚ and Underwriters’ Laboratory approvals) • Custody-transfer
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Intermolecular Forces: Liquids‚ Solids‚ and Phase Changes Chem 11: General Chemistry 2 Topics 1.1 An Overview of Physical States and Phase Changes 1.2 Quantitative Aspects of Phase Changes 1.3 Types of Intermolecular Forces 1.4 Properties of the Liquid State 1.5 Uniqueness of Water 1.6 The Solid State: Structure‚ Properties and Bonding A hot spring on a snowy day The Kinetic Molecular View of the Three States The characteristic properties of gases‚ liquids‚ and solids can
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